{"id":"W2903892182","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2018.12.089","title":"3-D CFD-PBM coupled modeling and experimental investigation of struvite precipitation in a batch stirred reactor","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chemical Engineering Journal","topic":"Phosphorus and nutrient management","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":38,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Population balance equation; Struvite; Computational fluid dynamics; Supersaturation; Thermodynamics; Population; Continuous stirred-tank reactor; Mechanics; Turbulence; Chemistry; Materials science; Physics; Physical chemistry; Phosphorus","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001573551,0.00007772403,0.00009335974,0.00003748297,0.00001927941,0.00001868309,0.00007238344,0.00003537452,0.00006783348],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000369322,0.00007509116,0.00001805008,0.000116286,0.00004832373,0.0001778023,0.00006407846,0.0001095711,0.000003243596],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001257464,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000402701,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002746986,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.92344e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993641,0.000005758803,0.0002090072,0.0001170368,0.0001711198,0.0001330061],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997783,0.00001532768,0.00005169055,0.00005845639,0.000008317307,0.0000879366],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003498144,0.00002241268,0.002467858,0.000007438416,0.000004798753,0.000001270537,0.0007918914,0.01210564,0.9842665,0.00001266522,0.0000544846,0.0002300502],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004589963,0.0000573124,0.002194178,0.00005305952,0.000004195219,0.000006125887,0.00005567755,0.7025782,0.294355,0.000121975,0.00003143553,0.00008380916],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9927085,0.00006587271,0.006988171,0.00004647489,0.00007541443,0.00006682739,5.570756e-7,0.00001021066,0.00003798962],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9934891,0.0000116864,0.006419053,0.00001237625,0.00004802379,0.00000380696,0.000001985532,0.000008004584,0.000005921169],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6904726,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3062128,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008728694002239204,"score_gpt":0.2055357319607842,"score_spread":0.196807037958545,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}