{"id":"W2904326970","doi":"10.3390/met9020192","title":"Fluid Flow Turbulence in the Proximities of the Metal-Slag Interface in Ladle Stirring Operations","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metals","topic":"Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"University of Toronto; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología","keywords":"Ladle; Slag (welding); Turbulence; Entrainment (biomusicology); Materials science; Phase (matter); Mixing (physics); Metallurgy; Multiphase flow; Metal; Mechanics; Flow (mathematics); Mass transfer; Chemistry; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003950451,0.0001062987,0.0002002021,0.00004590644,0.00001871166,0.00002806998,0.0003646493,0.00003867093,0.0001234787],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004868457,0.00005764669,0.00006188743,0.0002695753,0.00002997414,0.0001513587,0.00005601768,0.0001723977,0.00002848894],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000206276,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001061917,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003855774,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002157058,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992766,0.00006665995,0.0002569213,0.0001056146,0.0001498061,0.0001444141],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995988,0.00007391706,0.00001866971,0.0002794125,0.00001747268,0.00001172283],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002411673,0.00002457444,0.00005579938,0.000101962,0.00002003005,5.149252e-7,0.001033291,0.9809089,0.01502933,0.002512047,0.000004866362,0.0003062787],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001528129,0.00001168268,0.0006917682,0.00006455152,0.00001246263,0.000002426476,0.0003191612,0.9886786,0.008787508,0.0005121435,0.0006762095,0.00009069028],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.990382,0.001243232,0.003265386,0.0001343619,0.0001474849,0.0003335554,0.000006381626,0.00002052653,0.004467141],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99908,0.00005000284,0.0004514616,0.00003409253,0.00001152647,0.00002943845,0.000001222639,0.00001280779,0.0003294405],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.008698077,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2350764,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01089333554580496,"score_gpt":0.2173547845428614,"score_spread":0.2064614489970564,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}