{"id":"W2904565408","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2018.12.003","title":"A review of the current knowledge and challenges of hydrothermal carbonization for biomass conversion","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Journal of the Energy Institute","topic":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":453,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Prince Edward Island; University of Guelph","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change","keywords":"Hydrothermal carbonization; Biomass (ecology); Carbonization; Process (computing); Hydrothermal circulation; Greenhouse gas; Process engineering; Environmental science; Fossil fuel; Scale (ratio); Biofuel; Moisture; Waste management; Computer science; Engineering; Materials science; Chemical engineering; Ecology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005761371,0.0006346615,0.0008541779,0.002101974,0.0002812768,0.0009821422,0.0006381079,0.0007287418,0.00212906],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007871328,0.0002871526,0.0004316698,0.002577612,0.0003347618,0.001273773,0.0005436671,0.0009682028,0.0006390556],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003724599,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001185996,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009162159,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00239515,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998057,0.00002368391,0.00003706446,0.00003475779,0.00007694956,0.00002171928],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996225,0.0001700209,0.00006110539,0.00001029239,0.0001112297,0.00002483498],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000796758,0.00009396415,0.000340724,0.05313623,0.0001157249,0.0002964083,0.0001116289,0.0004740851,0.008154184,0.005602558,0.02951721,0.9020775],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008347949,0.0001037403,0.0009702848,0.004504091,0.0001440001,0.000959534,0.0001000273,0.0001674188,0.00202917,0.001694817,0.9892909,0.00002777397],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0002690326,0.9983851,0.0001675792,0.0002231445,0.0002175903,0.000003742014,0.00002265992,0.0000039191,0.0007072513],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001320516,0.9977964,0.0002299132,0.0001135681,0.0001495631,0.000003322839,0.00002237559,9.303117e-7,0.000363405],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00212906,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007122397,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03906841491297561,"score_gpt":0.2787662289620963,"score_spread":0.2396978140491207,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}