{"id":"W2904956403","doi":"10.1038/s41467-018-07756-z","title":"All-optical structuring of laser-driven proton beam profiles","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Communications","topic":"Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Volkswagen Foundation; Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; European Commission; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Office of Science; Laserlab-Europe; Fusion Energy Sciences; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Structuring; Proton; Laser; Beam (structure); Laser beams; Optics; Materials science; Physics; Nuclear physics; Business","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005662153,0.00009891238,0.0001212189,0.00005639909,0.0001684739,0.00003016297,0.0005759792,0.00009657666,0.0005278311],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006034023,0.00008835433,0.00006933397,0.0001227028,0.0001967228,0.0001119899,0.0002558401,0.0005285877,0.0001338747],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001699174,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004827083,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007606354,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000648909,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993926,0.00003455344,0.0002063998,0.0001224869,0.0001066904,0.0001373241],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982628,0.0003052524,0.0001101549,0.001007972,0.000258354,0.00005549654],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001051415,0.002991978,0.3189944,0.0001176704,0.0008809802,0.000001429055,0.001581931,0.0003796,0.03018239,0.5976366,0.03717633,0.009951601],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005803067,0.000148947,0.0169395,0.0001122439,0.0001185529,0.000002813402,0.0003968763,0.001399215,0.6954145,0.003364872,0.2812142,0.0003078661],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8686658,0.00004655246,0.0007151339,0.001955155,0.0003988453,0.0009012932,0.0003628001,0.00007698048,0.1268774],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9859332,0.000009743439,0.01332547,0.00005722219,0.0001807114,0.00007914547,0.0001457663,0.00001298882,0.0002556848],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6652322,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5779381,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01762724362761247,"score_gpt":0.3116526626231716,"score_spread":0.2940254189955591,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}