{"id":"W2906038802","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3256289","title":"Initial Coin Offerings, Blockchain Technology, and White Paper Disclosures","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":59,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo; University of Toronto; University of British Columbia; The Scarborough Hospital; University of British Columbia Hospital","funders":"","keywords":"Blockchain; Cryptocurrency; Issuer; Business; Credibility; Security token; White paper; Quality (philosophy); Accounting; Finance; Computer science; Computer security","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008453401,0.0001653711,0.0001992178,0.0003661894,0.0002422523,0.00008078162,0.0009112234,0.0002217489,0.0000165254],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002091666,0.0001444344,0.00005213096,0.0006101056,0.0001438975,0.0001520727,0.0003188148,0.001892641,0.0000375506],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001382654,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004197417,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001027628,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001346388,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978416,0.0000389766,0.0002399293,0.000355091,0.0001650544,0.001359367],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992345,0.00002824433,0.000123128,0.0004894188,0.00006388251,0.00006083101],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004952322,0.00003833384,0.005599967,0.00000307136,0.00004021346,0.00000256774,0.00008920975,0.000006153604,0.0007484482,0.9571639,0.00003994363,0.03626323],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007282122,0.0003694867,0.001183732,0.00001688752,0.00001170535,0.001694434,0.0005864096,0.002530931,0.0006406758,0.9841641,0.007785277,0.0002881573],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9035147,0.003207168,0.07733494,0.01436202,0.0001401243,0.0002296897,0.000001513845,0.0003038383,0.000905954],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9970584,0.0005467719,0.001653048,0.0002192489,0.00005638856,0.0000154899,5.202219e-7,0.00001234531,0.0004378017],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09354363,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8222687,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.003777297400579391,"score_gpt":0.2172505372345724,"score_spread":0.213473239833993,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}