{"id":"W2906594064","doi":"10.15376/biores.14.1.hubbe","title":"Lignin recovery from spent alkaline pulping liquors using acidification, membrane separation, and related processing steps: A Review","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"BioResources","topic":"Lignin and Wood Chemistry","field":"Engineering","cited_by":97,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; FPInnovations","funders":"Lakehead University; North Carolina State University","keywords":"Biorefinery; Lignin; Black liquor; Solubility; Kraft paper; Pulp (tooth); Chemistry; Pulp and paper industry; Kraft process; Membrane; Ultrafiltration (renal); Organic chemistry; Chemical engineering; Chromatography; Raw material; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000470478,0.001061291,0.001255745,0.003018351,0.0002958595,0.0009357825,0.000587263,0.0008079103,0.00326655],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004593981,0.0004092168,0.0006034077,0.003042354,0.0002680156,0.001256926,0.0004702922,0.000884279,0.001961824],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003765444,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008973351,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001168628,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001807316,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998255,0.000016233,0.0000246175,0.00004256254,0.00007393632,0.00001716289],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997258,0.0001196559,0.00005719453,0.000008942038,0.00006976628,0.00001870724],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005716637,0.0001571199,0.0002460784,0.04391849,0.0001496856,0.0002145998,0.00008630095,0.000931669,0.009247798,0.003548976,0.01035606,0.9310861],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009623421,0.0001895568,0.001109936,0.00423309,0.0002056483,0.000824393,0.00008699365,0.0001983537,0.004488583,0.001231372,0.9873838,0.00003854342],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0005696534,0.9971032,0.0003802656,0.0001048479,0.00009531705,0.00001000976,0.00005366147,0.00001320677,0.00166987],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001419679,0.9970318,0.0004780041,0.00006953064,0.00005293317,0.000009912412,0.00006086501,0.000002659047,0.0008746617],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00326655,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01092768,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04226384681264474,"score_gpt":0.3032822721410018,"score_spread":0.2610184253283571,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}