{"id":"W2906594064","doi":"10.15376/biores.14.1.hubbe","title":"Lignin recovery from spent alkaline pulping liquors using acidification, membrane separation, and related processing steps: A Review","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"BioResources","topic":"Lignin and Wood Chemistry","field":"Engineering","cited_by":97,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; FPInnovations","funders":"Lakehead University; North Carolina State University","keywords":"Biorefinery; Lignin; Black liquor; Solubility; Kraft paper; Pulp (tooth); Chemistry; Pulp and paper industry; Kraft process; Membrane; Ultrafiltration (renal); Organic chemistry; Chemical engineering; Chromatography; Raw material; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002883385,0.0005996546,0.001552624,0.0001359332,0.0001026513,0.0001625524,0.0003136904,0.0004798357,0.00004724697],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005177714,0.0005292809,0.0002565715,0.0004648988,0.00005199214,0.0001879021,0.00007758097,0.0004000098,0.00009567227],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001428958,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001138612,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001461609,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001061279,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976642,0.00008648689,0.001086574,0.0005902529,0.0002587078,0.0003137994],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987341,0.0001063524,0.0004579851,0.0005056691,0.00006636878,0.0001295233],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004563225,0.00006115417,0.0000102711,0.4396154,0.001217602,0.00002932491,0.0005958313,0.0001644069,0.004194602,0.000004976833,0.01557302,0.5385289],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001336088,0.00001089562,5.097929e-7,0.1196163,0.001504961,0.0000522199,0.00003024241,0.0005992724,0.001948216,0.000008776249,0.8753977,0.0006973206],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0003582141,0.9972488,0.00001982234,0.00001883378,0.0002237211,0.0007533509,0.00008335525,0.0002845727,0.001009285],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0001987356,0.9976683,0.0005320846,0.00003957526,0.000306422,0.00004531784,0.0006916,0.000135721,0.0003822776],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8598247,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997159,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04226384681264474,"score_gpt":0.3032822721410018,"score_spread":0.2610184253283571,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}