{"id":"W2907063029","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-7262-6.ch001","title":"3D Printing as a Case of Disruptive Technology","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Advances in e-business research series","topic":"Innovation and Knowledge Management","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Scope (computer science); Disruptive innovation; Disruptive technology; Business; Economies of scope; Product (mathematics); New product development; Knowledge management; Industrial organization; Engineering; Marketing; Manufacturing engineering; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001069596,0.0003998153,0.0005790183,0.003486993,0.0003149125,0.0001745865,0.0006044116,0.0003037862,0.00119069],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008869797,0.0003805755,0.0000615115,0.002046887,0.001569299,0.001830552,0.001611566,0.0006627369,0.000740953],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001230217,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001023566,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001034438,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00164348,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973775,0.0000155477,0.0007228061,0.0006670129,0.0006057744,0.0006113372],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.995071,0.00008455596,0.0005065034,0.0006309392,0.003694707,0.00001227879],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001414853,0.0000545507,0.0002131582,0.001887001,0.00003106303,0.001023293,0.0001081541,0.000005307458,0.00001870315,0.9633148,0.0002235696,0.03297886],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003213626,0.00003708519,0.00002786005,0.0008493012,0.00001752256,0.00005848507,0.001770815,0.00004234131,0.00005166487,0.2588526,0.737614,0.0003569755],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0016392,0.001382969,0.00007947886,0.000760435,0.0005545305,0.0007878005,0.000006874486,0.0001217812,0.9946669],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3330678,0.003780171,0.002879222,0.0003720735,0.004089443,0.0004330353,0.0001734746,0.0003707945,0.654834],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7373905,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998646,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03658807672284377,"score_gpt":0.3499184932652242,"score_spread":0.3133304165423804,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}