{"id":"W2907638671","doi":"10.7326/m18-1377","title":"PROBAST: A Tool to Assess Risk of Bias and Applicability of Prediction Model Studies: Explanation and Elaboration","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Internal Medicine","topic":"Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":1606,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre; Care and Public Health Research Institute, Universiteit Maastricht; Erasmus Universitair Medisch Centrum Rotterdam; Radboud Universitair Medisch Centrum; Keele University; Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; University of Oxford; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; NIHR School for Primary Care Research; Radboud Universiteit; Universiteit van Amsterdam; Universiteit Leiden; University of Bristol; Universiteit Maastricht; Universitair Medisch Centrum Utrecht; ZonMw; University of Exeter; National Institute for Health and Care Research; Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland; National Institute for Health and Care Excellence; University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust; Vanderbilt University; University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust; McMaster University; Dalhousie University; Cancer Research UK; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Universiteit Utrecht; University of Bern; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center","keywords":"Checklist; Guideline; Medicine; Population; Systematic review; Outcome (game theory); Process (computing); Predictive modelling; Health care; MEDLINE; Risk analysis (engineering); Management science; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Machine learning; Psychology; Cognitive psychology; Pathology; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch"],"category_scores_codex":[0.2340951,0.004597286,0.003935959,0.01573438,0.001836078,0.00670716,0.005571005,0.00717938,0.06345899],"category_scores_gemma":[0.5218073,0.005010736,0.01316949,0.00855636,0.002998469,0.00992422,0.01005094,0.007485138,0.01515227],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.006293903,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01942022,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002966589,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00768942,"domain_scores_codex":[0.7697163,0.1336897,0.07460762,0.003328744,0.01720142,0.001456151],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.2972943,0.6157323,0.02475511,0.01286616,0.04823266,0.001119618],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":"methods","domain_candidate":"methods","domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009864342,0.0001697063,0.004942782,0.106948,0.001589084,0.0005037975,0.004748704,0.003063842,0.0007960496,0.02249455,0.587106,0.2666509],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003469929,0.0005109485,0.008859119,0.1184062,0.002471133,0.001816067,0.002532078,0.01106996,0.002830689,0.09668913,0.7504497,0.000894924],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.005377288,0.01522142,0.6142377,0.04671885,0.004137483,0.1610695,0.1120735,0.02338242,0.01778179],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.007901802,0.005183334,0.7740806,0.006947775,0.0005616417,0.1836685,0.01557762,0.001859527,0.004219196],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7659049,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.944497,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.6109651022984792,"score_gpt":0.5127562246299271,"score_spread":0.09820887766855213,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}