{"id":"W2907700651","doi":"10.1002/9781118784235.eelt0703","title":"Variation in <scp>L2</scp> Learner Speech","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"The TESOL Encyclopedia of English Language Teaching","topic":"Multilingual Education and Policy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"World Englishes; Variety (cybernetics); Dilemma; Immigration; Varieties of English; Variation (astronomy); Standard English; Lingua franca; English as a lingua franca; Linguistics; Political science; Sociology; Mathematics; Statistics; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004974722,0.0001597993,0.0002814718,0.00110748,0.001001322,0.003030014,0.0006144558,0.0004849078,0.007597542],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01634971,0.0001162053,0.0001252184,0.0008245662,0.0009410026,0.001259307,0.00249449,0.0006920369,0.002023458],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001147184,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008384138,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01185727,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01439049,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9956665,0.001631151,0.0003083979,0.000528803,0.001496758,0.0003683954],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9908521,0.004495465,0.0008275147,0.0008104844,0.002341571,0.0006728173],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003720062,0.0003939347,0.5076212,0.0002644821,0.0001200906,0.001423472,0.3211609,0.0004866481,0.006840156,0.01045757,0.01393243,0.1369271],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000263425,0.0002205206,0.7775391,0.0002536429,0.00003074307,0.002273325,0.1646325,0.001044842,0.003329049,0.003749291,0.04676432,0.000136309],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.954964,0.0002591401,0.0008878893,0.000499598,0.00002703711,0.00004322904,0.0006283886,0.00007803766,0.04261279],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99536,0.0001198298,0.0003354761,0.0001259996,0.000006165538,0.00004251338,0.0003444383,0.00005787247,0.003607725],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01185727,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02630919,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01723210789939481,"score_gpt":0.3559724802079806,"score_spread":0.3387403723085858,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}