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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; U.S. Department of Energy; Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago; Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; Ministry of Education, India; Office of Science; Conseil Régional, Île-de-France; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; Hungarian Scientific Research Fund; Generalitat Valenciana; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad; Agencia Estatal de Investigación; Govern de les Illes Balears; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Industry Canada; National Research Foundation of Korea; Ohio State University; Scottish Universities Physics Alliance; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India; Russian Foundation for Basic Research; Division of Human Resource Development; Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico; Institut des Origines de Lyon; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Russian Science Foundation; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; European Commission; Leverhulme Trust; Scottish Funding Council; University of Sussex; Institut de Física d'Altes Energies; National Centre for Supercomputing Applications; Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich; Nemzeti Kutatási Fejlesztési és Innovációs Hivatal; National Research Foundation; University of California, Santa Cruz; University College London; University of Portsmouth; Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos; University of Pennsylvania; Center for Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Ohio State University; Science and Technology Facilities Council; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Hubble's law; Dark energy; Redshift; Galaxy; Luminosity; Cosmic microwave background; Observatory; Redshift survey","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001303205,0.0003391341,0.0002348495,0.001500866,0.0003816709,0.0005847522,0.0003776847,0.000367132,0.0005637326],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00250402,0.000246421,0.0002321937,0.000695829,0.000441699,0.0004112368,0.001530913,0.0003601277,0.0001727476],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003193674,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001825794,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001952767,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004246218,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995215,0.0001034568,0.00002064727,0.00009236808,0.0001726598,0.00008945153],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987753,0.0002414979,0.0004145829,0.0002389518,0.0001422229,0.0001873938],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006807359,0.00009468791,0.9333361,0.00005684675,0.0002461805,0.000718195,0.0003658707,0.002557189,0.03521992,0.002734619,0.0007058394,0.02328384],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002088852,0.0001434796,0.9762883,0.00001268856,0.0000699943,0.0002824536,0.0001763236,0.007853503,0.0114319,0.001257479,0.002424622,0.0000383866],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9972168,0.00006290506,0.001673394,0.00002022825,0.000005066143,0.000006639737,0.0002115784,0.00002467484,0.0007786373],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976767,0.00002110296,0.001594891,0.00001112593,0.000008587391,0.000004768589,0.0005352753,0.000006452461,0.000141154],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001952767,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006892145,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01367035099365715,"score_gpt":0.2069216250125892,"score_spread":0.1932512740189321,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). 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