{"id":"W2908078625","doi":"10.1029/2018gl081274","title":"Warming Effects of Spring Rainfall Increase Methane Emissions From Thawing Permafrost","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geophysical Research Letters","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":130,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Pacific Northwest Research Station; National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka; Biological and Environmental Research; U.S. Forest Service; U.S. Geological Survey; Office of Science; U.S. Department of Agriculture; U.S. Department of Energy; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Permafrost; Environmental science; Tundra; Wetland; Methane; Soil water; Global warming; Atmospheric methane; Greenhouse gas; Radiative forcing; Thermokarst; Snowmelt; Hydrology (agriculture); Spring (device); Climate change; Atmospheric sciences; Snow; Arctic; Geology; Soil science; Ecology; Oceanography","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005230656,0.0001670928,0.0003141726,0.0001686107,0.0001473437,0.00006294193,0.0004097899,0.00007035892,0.002916512],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003452011,0.0001376784,0.0001360596,0.0004074087,0.0001695431,0.000250613,0.0001114763,0.000553016,0.00140109],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001248042,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005073572,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07412143,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001246129,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974323,0.0003272103,0.000211141,0.0004115402,0.0008633493,0.000754462],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9956817,0.003464284,0.00005121038,0.0003971416,0.00006203458,0.0003436049],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008579047,0.00003124743,0.349927,0.0001255577,0.00002923975,0.0000791087,0.0008235085,0.00003821683,0.6449562,0.00001569364,0.0004893979,0.003399023],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007309728,0.0001576454,0.96664,0.0003093425,0.00001910494,0.00000170298,0.0003321841,0.003055084,0.0257817,0.0002393533,0.00245879,0.0002741413],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9962643,0.0002442018,0.00000833241,0.0009418728,0.000242188,0.000318364,0.0006465972,0.00002541239,0.001308719],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981077,0.00005379622,0.0001003366,0.0006115431,0.0004069617,0.0000034033,0.0005801718,0.00001001438,0.0001260424],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6191745,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993764,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03782632328377082,"score_gpt":0.2959893349199445,"score_spread":0.2581630116361737,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}