{"id":"W2908803411","doi":"10.1007/s40037-018-0489-7","title":"Problems of problem-based learning: Towards transformative critical pedagogy in medical education","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Perspectives on Medical Education","topic":"Innovations in Medical Education","field":"Medicine","cited_by":63,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"NOSM University; McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Transformative learning; Equity (law); Perspective (graphical); Identity (music); Critical thinking; Pedagogy; Sociology; Medical education; Psychology; Critical pedagogy; Engineering ethics; Medicine; Political science; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001865007,0.0002844947,0.0005634785,0.0009227522,0.00007449978,0.00001899738,0.0002959789,0.000532729,0.00811296],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01797708,0.0002540141,0.0001344535,0.001341634,0.0005433381,0.0002233393,0.0000247373,0.001658768,0.0001451101],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007529652,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0223113,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002742751,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002522519,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9952394,0.0002912607,0.0009983993,0.0006161532,0.002425352,0.0004293975],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975782,0.0002549126,0.0002139557,0.0004094105,0.001151401,0.0003921103],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008702748,0.03910193,0.04132434,0.004733874,0.0001201155,0.0000080342,0.08296822,0.0001243707,0.0004710821,0.156041,0.01015587,0.6640809],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.02252662,0.01361472,0.2459049,0.03838747,0.0005634155,0.0006182716,0.455853,0.07545018,0.003965138,0.01687247,0.1231018,0.003142031],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8109378,0.0009797112,0.003073244,0.1336576,0.001793225,0.002236106,0.000002646317,0.0001364186,0.04718332],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9894164,0.0002080808,0.003718747,0.005073869,0.0004080468,0.0004255077,0.0001666426,0.00004366926,0.0005390716],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6609389,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999912,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01154947696415214,"score_gpt":0.3996106808697739,"score_spread":0.3880612039056218,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}