{"id":"W2909473240","doi":"10.1029/2018jd029501","title":"Light Absorption by Ambient Black and Brown Carbon and its Dependence on Black Carbon Coating State for Two California, USA, Cities in Winter and Summer","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres","topic":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":252,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"California Air Resources Board","keywords":"Carbon black; Aerosol; Environmental science; Absorption (acoustics); Atmospheric sciences; Particulates; Particle (ecology); Coating; Mass concentration (chemistry); Nitrate; Environmental chemistry; Chemistry; Meteorology; Materials science; Geography; Physics; Geology; Oceanography","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000147364,0.0003973767,0.0001934384,0.0006956212,0.0006062054,0.0005932771,0.000305521,0.0002368043,0.000730281],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002108099,0.0002830696,0.0002100463,0.0006993275,0.0001739291,0.0002489616,0.0002547952,0.0003025202,0.0002019062],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009860299,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000555051,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.3441195,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.6121845,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998729,0.000006856435,0.000005215434,0.00005462213,0.00003833304,0.0000220113],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997049,0.00003164637,0.0000525116,0.00001570582,0.000141551,0.00005361863],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002352442,0.000138273,0.9837013,0.0000396089,0.0001177695,0.00007962578,0.0003643525,0.0006487358,0.005000642,0.00004714649,0.003028417,0.006598959],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005593283,0.00001108983,0.998451,0.000002759691,0.00001759495,0.00001049575,0.0001418344,0.0006170393,0.0003882123,0.00000444641,0.0003466653,0.000003254429],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9971961,0.00005195346,0.00007808531,0.00001918094,0.000005370443,0.000005389242,0.00163121,0.0000313348,0.0009814835],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960576,0.0000558428,0.0002753804,0.00002109053,0.000007005636,0.00001372879,0.003130988,0.00001070917,0.0004275649],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3441195,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6842331,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02460173791066084,"score_gpt":0.2821973205757693,"score_spread":0.2575955826651085,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}