{"id":"W2909473240","doi":"10.1029/2018jd029501","title":"Light Absorption by Ambient Black and Brown Carbon and its Dependence on Black Carbon Coating State for Two California, USA, Cities in Winter and Summer","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres","topic":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":252,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"California Air Resources Board","keywords":"Carbon black; Aerosol; Environmental science; Absorption (acoustics); Atmospheric sciences; Particulates; Particle (ecology); Coating; Mass concentration (chemistry); Nitrate; Environmental chemistry; Chemistry; Meteorology; Materials science; Geography; Physics; Geology; Oceanography","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006516623,0.000164791,0.0003098559,0.000007441332,0.00007500185,0.0001318765,0.0001370508,0.00006415568,0.0001286634],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001707125,0.0001244656,0.00004207468,0.0001354298,0.0001892562,0.0001895205,0.00004074154,0.0005000075,0.00001221212],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000197303,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006266515,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00242387,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00114574,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982292,0.0001222334,0.0003325633,0.0002882362,0.0005762856,0.0004515054],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986242,0.0007397804,0.000145525,0.00009294302,0.0001462024,0.0002513489],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001964432,0.0001302487,0.8409868,0.0004078083,0.0000757884,0.00005956827,0.001256741,0.001767738,0.1444298,0.00002516556,0.0006476909,0.008248103],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006694734,0.006412134,0.6732796,0.001489741,0.00005129135,0.00006062579,0.00427577,0.180462,0.1204576,0.004271454,0.001558975,0.0009859619],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.998074,0.000552071,0.000003518325,0.0002693753,0.00004218718,0.000251717,0.00002745058,0.000002996507,0.0007767184],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983658,0.000258414,0.00008981999,0.0000445429,0.0001233373,0.000001441748,0.000003237642,0.000007015337,0.001106458],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1786943,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.507556,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02460173791066084,"score_gpt":0.2821973205757693,"score_spread":0.2575955826651085,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}