{"id":"W2911879762","doi":"10.2118/191376-pa","title":"Wormhole Formation During Acidizing of Calcite-Cemented Fractures in Gas-Bearing Shales","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SPE Journal","topic":"Hydraulic Fracturing and Reservoir Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Panstwowy Instytut Geologiczny-Panstwowy Instytut Badawczy","keywords":"Calcite; Oil shale; Carbonate; Geology; Wormhole; Permeability (electromagnetism); Merge (version control); Fracture (geology); Petroleum engineering; Mineralogy; Geotechnical engineering; Materials science; Chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001085934,0.0001242656,0.0001361833,0.0002732961,0.0001496686,0.0002200698,0.0002184036,0.0002125622,0.0009082058],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002722885,0.0001406151,0.000141752,0.00009766743,0.0002600885,0.0001921458,0.0001875977,0.0001247537,0.00005388155],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002399404,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000138064,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001936579,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002358842,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999609,0.000003399306,0.000002262592,0.000008096248,0.00000969729,0.00001571281],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998962,0.00003383009,0.00002916091,0.000008754842,0.00001389696,0.0000181071],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002966527,0.00007026151,0.01692686,0.00008967218,0.00002975522,0.0007867584,0.0002743691,0.04423286,0.9294958,0.001328376,0.00007770723,0.006390898],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004903344,0.0005178764,0.1108073,0.00001990375,0.00003010908,0.0005424056,0.0004714977,0.3161155,0.5693581,0.001260893,0.0007744483,0.00005296079],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9991841,0.0000237193,0.0006296145,0.000003262634,8.551176e-7,0.000002581608,0.00001702484,0.00001324886,0.000125713],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994956,0.00001294279,0.0003562518,9.176076e-7,3.120582e-7,0.000001712323,0.00001600674,0.000002176249,0.000114068],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001936579,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003850579,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005553656828871878,"score_gpt":0.2222309594090727,"score_spread":0.2166773025802008,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}