{"id":"W2912485054","doi":"10.1002/9781118784235.eelt0237","title":"Development of Speaking Skills in Children Versus Adult<scp>L2</scp>Learners","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"The TESOL Encyclopedia of English Language Teaching","topic":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Fluency; Psychology; Mathematics education; Pedagogy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001429788,0.0005160731,0.000712239,0.0005271762,0.000266627,0.00007349913,0.0008791064,0.0002307131,0.001320656],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004277458,0.0003967906,0.0001780648,0.00008642664,0.0003351507,0.0001265287,0.0002384495,0.001356553,0.0000827008],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007976522,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001146896,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003619356,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004393962,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9972764,0.0004254686,0.0007558693,0.0004663627,0.0005162571,0.0005596497],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976668,0.0006408943,0.0008781866,0.0006441421,0.00009353499,0.00007641798],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001182422,0.0001762485,0.001653582,0.0001492609,0.0002886126,0.000005036789,0.9446444,0.00001309806,0.000008330981,0.00251505,0.03103994,0.01949463],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001124588,0.0000896495,0.0002065565,0.001408857,0.0001255282,0.000001099525,0.1522081,0.00001281416,0.00003059712,0.00001243425,0.8444489,0.0003308436],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.2088123,0.0007312177,0.00001335634,0.000004214738,0.001125321,0.0003400284,0.00003283191,0.0002828481,0.7886579],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2565948,0.0002575938,0.009108381,0.0001304784,0.01320167,0.00006171827,0.0004414096,0.001306651,0.7188973],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.813409,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998484,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00876710052840706,"score_gpt":0.2380025229692802,"score_spread":0.2292354224408731,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}