{"id":"W2912704239","doi":"10.29173/cmplct29340","title":"Toward a Learning Progression of Complex Systems Understanding","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Complicity An International Journal of Complexity and Education","topic":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","field":"Psychology","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Science Foundation","keywords":"Complex system; Computer science; GRASP; Competence (human resources); Cognitive science; Learning theory; Artificial intelligence; Management science; Mathematics education; Psychology; Engineering; Social psychology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001554126,0.0001060333,0.0002715035,0.0003172195,0.00009741904,0.00007638028,0.0003083698,0.00006388163,0.0002970324],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001054886,0.00009786603,0.00006069979,0.0001189385,0.0001321114,0.0002592367,0.00004338965,0.000424026,0.000008441359],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001365983,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009458072,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001493592,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001043473,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998143,0.0007539273,0.0004975837,0.0001471335,0.0003356559,0.0001227468],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998217,0.0001853917,0.0008191909,0.0001146059,0.0005955171,0.0000682288],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005601629,0.0007864287,0.152729,0.0001012597,0.0002481705,0.000002296577,0.01280755,0.0004139503,0.007677297,0.8027561,0.0003710251,0.02154678],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001937642,0.001900404,0.9039252,0.0008521028,0.00004967299,0.0007184343,0.03012198,0.003987384,0.000233987,0.04269719,0.01318201,0.000394017],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9304975,0.0001163597,0.05798707,0.000322155,0.002311761,0.0001167123,0.000002938569,0.00001707913,0.008628379],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9936538,0.000007712321,0.005614622,0.00007634088,0.0003330332,0.00000198251,0.00002721826,0.00001041182,0.0002749055],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7600589,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3990861,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.3069178009656601,"score_gpt":0.4732112890436074,"score_spread":0.1662934880779473,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}