{"id":"W2913115916","doi":"10.1002/itl2.93","title":"Research challenges and opportunities in blockchain and cryptocurrencies","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Internet Technology Letters","topic":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Cryptocurrency; Blockchain; Distributed ledger; Intermediary; Ledger; Incentive; Proof-of-work system; Digital currency; Protocol (science); Computer science; Computer security; State (computer science); Peer-to-peer; Commerce; Business; Data science; World Wide Web; Finance; Economics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.008702877,0.000689213,0.001714491,0.002591857,0.002820321,0.008265357,0.001969155,0.007034205,0.007451659],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01437282,0.0006380773,0.0008699197,0.005483559,0.01329164,0.02867922,0.0033285,0.00767708,0.002528829],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004321004,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004110537,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001959235,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001180974,"domain_scores_codex":[0.993973,0.002819904,0.0002008765,0.0008006574,0.001700505,0.0005051349],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9749001,0.0198321,0.0007380188,0.001608296,0.001953066,0.0009685331],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002619163,0.000056325,0.0002373987,0.0003686548,0.000008668657,0.00008353338,0.0004695048,0.001636719,0.0001178085,0.9607788,0.005877423,0.03033902],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001031026,0.00003029685,0.0001195361,0.0004534235,0.000003772509,0.0001024634,0.0006494605,0.005022184,0.0001884865,0.938342,0.05505498,0.00002309056],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.02356924,0.5166748,0.08468131,0.2340034,0.003899225,0.0001247195,0.0002732302,0.0002386395,0.1365355],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4162813,0.5001268,0.03846206,0.00954973,0.009896341,0.0002940466,0.0002851642,0.0001462217,0.0249583],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.008702877,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04602575,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05159010278051507,"score_gpt":0.2833525512220758,"score_spread":0.2317624484415607,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}