{"id":"W2913115916","doi":"10.1002/itl2.93","title":"Research challenges and opportunities in blockchain and cryptocurrencies","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Internet Technology Letters","topic":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Cryptocurrency; Blockchain; Distributed ledger; Intermediary; Ledger; Incentive; Proof-of-work system; Digital currency; Protocol (science); Computer science; Computer security; State (computer science); Peer-to-peer; Commerce; Business; Data science; World Wide Web; Finance; Economics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006194465,0.0001278682,0.0001898022,0.001162188,0.00004267745,0.0000405969,0.0008186841,0.0002584025,0.000004690894],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002569829,0.0001265152,0.00001321407,0.0003109588,0.0007298646,0.00008988216,0.0009462691,0.0006477777,0.0000191428],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000302402,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001471722,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002090097,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004736694,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987631,0.00006649835,0.0001805057,0.000518593,0.0001107824,0.0003605381],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991695,0.0001305219,0.00004136929,0.0005744611,0.00004775371,0.00003642257],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001995593,0.00002576917,0.00133828,0.00002383683,0.000009162095,0.00002616154,0.001214997,5.363083e-7,0.00121549,0.90033,0.0003244482,0.09548929],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002107912,0.0008501078,0.01311051,0.0004354696,0.000009355809,0.0007831364,0.01148111,0.03555766,0.01340655,0.8122399,0.1086936,0.001324624],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.871061,0.005734975,0.001609628,0.1200829,0.00004531534,0.0002307204,4.864526e-7,0.0003106414,0.0009243702],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967064,0.001064005,0.001463896,0.0005753512,0.000006885454,0.0001069236,3.064098e-7,0.000006954058,0.00006922246],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1256455,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5159138,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05159010278051507,"score_gpt":0.2833525512220758,"score_spread":0.2317624484415607,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}