{"id":"W2913297373","doi":"10.6000/1929-7092.2019.08.05","title":"How Africa Got into a Mess: Colonial Legacy, Underdevelopment, Corruption and Human Rights Violations in Africa","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Reviews on Global Economics","topic":"African cultural and philosophical studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Colonialism; Underdevelopment; Politics; Independence (probability theory); Sovereignty; Political economy; Political science; State (computer science); Language change; Development economics; Intervention (counseling); Sociology; Law; Economics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007063154,0.0001294292,0.0004668274,0.00004613682,0.0003605574,0.0001604384,0.0001896613,0.00008336205,0.00003805114],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008159446,0.00009207808,0.0001109761,0.0001917283,0.0001190529,0.0004403379,0.00004443022,0.0001675281,0.00002824724],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006234492,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007283039,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002050229,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003805674,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988856,0.0001662818,0.0004785449,0.0001514962,0.0001166044,0.0002015017],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991332,0.0000697349,0.0005231219,0.00006753661,0.00007724296,0.0001291198],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001353948,0.0002515408,0.02143306,0.00007466902,0.0001148939,0.000008917617,0.01332362,0.00004382414,0.00002490698,0.9447056,0.005532775,0.01435077],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003516339,0.0001815628,0.007342853,0.0001270797,0.00001838213,0.000003075568,0.0004206423,0.000005187609,5.322782e-7,0.09160176,0.8998119,0.000135381],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9133041,0.005877223,0.00001686906,0.01812513,0.0005009166,0.0005752746,0.00001072999,0.00001033156,0.06157946],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9952181,0.003685155,0.0003801643,0.0001031287,0.0002203037,0.000004586456,0.000001079211,0.000002870971,0.0003846292],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8942791,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3754835,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05847908499798948,"score_gpt":0.3123162136648441,"score_spread":0.2538371286668547,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}