{"id":"W2913305954","doi":"10.1007/s12064-019-00290-6","title":"A mathematical solution to Peto’s paradox using Polya’s urn model: implications for the aetiology of cancer in general","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Theory in Biosciences","topic":"Diabetes and associated disorders","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of biology; Cancer; Mechanism (biology); Biology; Organism; Function (biology); Immunology; Ageing; Immune system; Genetics; Epistemology; Philosophy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000431514,0.00005566934,0.00009191179,0.00004332809,0.00003690483,0.000006834707,0.0001943052,0.00005271805,0.000008410787],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000612045,0.00003883223,0.00003541922,0.0001403671,0.0001138331,0.000003632737,0.00004491685,0.00002614567,8.602685e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001430202,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007656787,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006536023,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000240138,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994328,0.00003782058,0.0001405891,0.0001614148,0.00004034606,0.0001870451],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997369,0.00004337434,0.00005127942,0.000126834,0.00002316052,0.00001846197],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003941347,0.00006729148,0.02539941,0.000009685751,0.000009549132,1.344443e-8,0.0002422902,0.02740821,0.904027,0.04081784,0.00002828971,0.001951019],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001924041,0.0007109706,0.1115552,0.0001336652,0.00006779379,0.000002605326,0.003334804,0.460292,0.09761776,0.323118,0.0004935341,0.0007496901],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9926023,0.0003434564,0.005574676,0.0009182587,0.00005657882,0.000284263,0.0000332974,0.000002000289,0.0001850977],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987827,0.00005142632,0.000765461,0.0002274393,0.00001526146,0.00005036998,0.000003152361,0.000003957088,0.0001002537],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8064092,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1583532,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01924776959451332,"score_gpt":0.3278699467455321,"score_spread":0.3086221771510188,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}