{"id":"W2914168285","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2019.02.019","title":"Waste-to-resources: Exploratory surface modification of sludge-based activated carbon by nitric acid for heavy metal adsorption","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Waste Management","topic":"Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":102,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of British Columbia","keywords":"Adsorption; Sorbent; Chemistry; Sewage sludge; Activated carbon; Nitric acid; Clinoptilolite; Zeolite; Waste management; Environmental chemistry; Nuclear chemistry; Pulp and paper industry; Sewage; Inorganic chemistry; Catalysis; Organic chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003562272,0.0002323801,0.0002411463,0.000131826,0.00005476655,0.00002660905,0.0002926051,0.0000832715,0.0003405616],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007506292,0.0002169953,0.0001253722,0.000584154,0.00006013703,0.0001582948,0.0001386543,0.00007708921,0.0003351944],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002422364,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005982758,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004156674,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005911525,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981623,0.00008052512,0.0003846968,0.0005018313,0.0005478137,0.0003228095],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991572,0.00002097441,0.000234163,0.000436441,0.00002166899,0.0001295588],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003116527,0.0002174268,0.0004334618,0.00007806261,0.00004109032,3.958441e-7,0.0001231267,0.02888677,0.9659769,0.00009770499,0.001770643,0.002062765],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002387589,0.0004285757,0.0007001676,0.00005496648,0.0001011598,7.430131e-7,0.002111162,0.04560953,0.9207588,0.00006667201,0.02723928,0.0005413882],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9907641,0.00002725865,0.003903791,0.0002536041,0.000166146,0.001544789,0.00007572157,0.00007907517,0.003185496],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9944708,0.000008451685,0.001083306,0.0002307124,0.00002194152,0.00005833257,0.00009778909,0.00003062965,0.003998041],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04521814,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8848811,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01450814076384014,"score_gpt":0.2214446014948479,"score_spread":0.2069364607310077,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}