{"id":"W2914235778","doi":"10.2118/185043-pa","title":"New Insights on Mechanisms Controlling Fracturing-Fluid Distribution and Their Effects on Well Performance in Shale-Gas Reservoirs","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SPE Production & Operations","topic":"Hydraulic Fracturing and Reservoir Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":38,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Nexen (Canada); University of Alberta","funders":"CMG Reservoir Simulation Foundation","keywords":"Fracture (geology); Geology; Hydraulic fracturing; Petrophysics; Fracturing fluid; Fluid dynamics; Petroleum engineering; Oil shale; Flow (mathematics); Geotechnical engineering; Closure (psychology); Mechanics; Porosity","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001602873,0.0002068669,0.0002249535,0.0001825279,0.0001723563,0.00008442616,0.00009386409,0.00008623006,0.00006458531],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004550163,0.0001638248,0.00004974188,0.0002654842,0.000011928,0.0002883591,0.0000181936,0.000336223,0.000193397],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001226415,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002141699,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004729303,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009948379,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989889,0.00004878294,0.0002283206,0.0003560833,0.0001616233,0.0002163046],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994636,0.00004221733,0.00002189775,0.0003532707,0.00003649177,0.00008250965],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002892107,0.00002501562,0.0001445487,0.00005565042,0.00003070131,0.000001045632,0.0004269354,0.989074,0.007879066,0.0001375018,0.0002015966,0.001995034],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008070106,0.0002326603,0.002264184,0.0002398863,0.0000227109,0.000005421652,0.0001387992,0.5917251,0.3968799,0.0002342996,0.007118178,0.0003318453],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9700665,0.0001948766,0.02566169,0.001523013,0.0006806305,0.0004892338,0.000004038453,0.0001611858,0.001218792],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997634,0.0003404086,0.0006239684,0.00004735171,0.0003139789,0.00003169152,0.00007502198,0.00002609216,0.0009075037],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3973489,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6680583,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00480172758709849,"score_gpt":0.1919222839284156,"score_spread":0.1871205563413172,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}