{"id":"W2915504606","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1900370116","title":"Artificial intelligence to support human instruction","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"letter","venue":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","topic":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"National Science Foundation","keywords":"Vocabulary; Aside; Computer science; Psychology; Metacognition; Cognition; Mathematics education","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002566183,0.0003473152,0.0003602174,0.0003897894,0.00116878,0.002575129,0.0008942799,0.01035945,0.01001094],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01472385,0.0001940232,0.000294343,0.0002335348,0.003050325,0.003098169,0.002405873,0.010195,0.00834569],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001932671,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001837903,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001050394,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002142324,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983293,0.0007105169,0.0000771652,0.0001365991,0.0005870372,0.0001593543],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9941473,0.003721567,0.0002086953,0.000603069,0.0008296099,0.0004897533],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005267697,0.00004267364,0.000237461,0.0001000105,0.00001572538,0.0001792516,0.00007799741,0.000189184,0.0002655451,0.09095896,0.822972,0.08490851],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000630086,0.00003050392,0.0002585578,0.0001338961,0.000007885737,0.0001387045,0.00007333717,0.0007974956,0.0003564387,0.1432611,0.8548675,0.00001159221],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"commentary","genre_scores_codex":[0.0007681474,0.01399616,0.002942141,0.8901214,0.02969573,0.00003023118,0.00007845798,0.0001791795,0.06218856],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.08565409,0.02363126,0.005713889,0.7001967,0.05732669,0.0003026809,0.0002212857,0.000120839,0.1268326],"genre_candidate":"commentary","genre_consensus":"commentary","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01035945,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03348988,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.09758509754321672,"score_gpt":0.3297066917222375,"score_spread":0.2321215941790208,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}