{"id":"W2917529407","doi":"10.3390/educsci9010045","title":"Exploring Secondary Students’ Alternative Conceptions about Engineering Design Technology","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Education Sciences","topic":"Science Education and Pedagogy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal; McGill University","funders":"Université du Québec à Montréal; McGill University","keywords":"Curriculum; Mathematics education; Science education; Next Generation Science Standards; Scientific reasoning; Technology education; Engineering ethics; Computer science; Pedagogy; Psychology; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00158742,0.00009571152,0.0001079012,0.0005171075,0.0008766129,0.0002971269,0.0009339714,0.00004882264,0.002074823],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005241819,0.00009479815,0.00003188688,0.001742099,0.0005771319,0.001308666,0.00004972574,0.0001755303,0.0007240069],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001489813,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002423717,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005656981,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004988601,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983041,0.0001453595,0.0001913358,0.0003708533,0.0006322504,0.0003561211],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990995,0.0003003023,0.0001059607,0.0001785229,0.0001830854,0.0001326561],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003762644,0.0003602231,0.2250531,0.0000133264,0.0000200504,5.460823e-7,0.1842318,0.002596957,0.001336179,0.5032306,0.002859527,0.08029403],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002865244,0.000157777,0.09421028,0.0001652782,0.0000110219,0.000005093827,0.5386438,0.0005389648,0.001566575,0.006352542,0.3574652,0.0005969083],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9543146,0.0002780226,0.001568696,0.005989409,0.008079344,0.0004341212,0.000001148162,0.0001456275,0.02918901],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9909636,0.0001780802,0.003522333,0.0003218184,0.0003604969,0.0001638803,0.000001074459,0.000005453295,0.004483274],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4968781,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9988374,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2856178825837634,"score_gpt":0.4546490611378342,"score_spread":0.1690311785540708,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}