{"id":"W2917640324","doi":"10.5167/uzh-95109","title":"How Time Preferences Differ: Evidence from 45 Countries","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)","topic":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Universität Innsbruck; Alpen-Adria-Universität Klagenfurt; Fudan University; Peking University; LOEWE Zentrum AdRIA; University of Windsor","keywords":"Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory; Hyperbolic discounting; Time preference; Inflation (cosmology); Individualism; Discounting; Scale (ratio); Economics; World Values Survey; Econometrics; Psychology; Social psychology; Microeconomics; Geography","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003931404,0.0002923493,0.0005481056,0.001952841,0.0004267309,0.001981515,0.0003135354,0.0004778397,0.001981116],"category_scores_gemma":[0.009638817,0.0003108973,0.0007175017,0.005739728,0.0009170265,0.0009365982,0.001638191,0.0005941089,0.0003118621],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003179401,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002871148,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01010636,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006812734,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9965528,0.001550562,0.0004830883,0.000603823,0.0003836255,0.0004261565],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9799079,0.008819582,0.007319375,0.001827665,0.001389438,0.0007361973],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004918925,0.00009224677,0.9600733,0.0003439751,0.0009135088,0.0003027896,0.007487718,0.0008391243,0.000358123,0.001876496,0.001037419,0.02618335],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002938883,0.0001206233,0.9875062,0.0001897204,0.0002771846,0.000242456,0.005291707,0.0001559577,0.0003356407,0.0003735626,0.005443147,0.00003447554],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9933059,0.002344436,0.0003540398,0.0001159015,0.00001309261,0.00001273782,0.001053127,0.000002147206,0.002798536],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971542,0.001257872,0.0001706956,0.00006946694,0.000006808419,0.00001268963,0.001131333,0.000004376579,0.0001925821],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01010636,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02079147,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.07483483675299946,"score_gpt":0.2987708226638049,"score_spread":0.2239359859108054,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}