{"id":"W2917968550","doi":"","title":"Leverage Choice and Credit Spreads when Managers Risk Shift","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Credit Risk and Financial Regulations","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Leverage (statistics); Incentive; Debt; Stock (firearms); Cash; Executive compensation; Business; Payment; Cash flow; Capital structure; Monetary economics; Economics; Finance; Financial economics; Actuarial science; Microeconomics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001599875,0.0006065559,0.0005601627,0.0006741369,0.0005289309,0.003043821,0.000814905,0.002881921,0.005194328],"category_scores_gemma":[0.008268219,0.0004329233,0.0004035727,0.0004758911,0.001082445,0.002368855,0.001411932,0.001563265,0.0007033304],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001565702,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005410745,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007799314,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005545758,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994961,0.0001444753,0.00002326038,0.00009711218,0.00006009012,0.0001790097],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9967415,0.001142435,0.001265764,0.000172121,0.0001183774,0.0005598959],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001059497,0.0009578643,0.2144815,0.00006970555,0.0002035509,0.002101879,0.002166688,0.5766056,0.005369508,0.1396621,0.004138667,0.05318346],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002720852,0.0005836702,0.07938569,0.00006577878,0.0001229458,0.0004492888,0.001143855,0.7685745,0.0009857831,0.144376,0.003897175,0.0001431911],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9635198,0.0006103312,0.01719362,0.002224796,0.00002342577,0.00004474701,0.0001792221,0.00005697722,0.01614697],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9962747,0.0001041501,0.0003676731,0.00005635746,0.00001634339,0.00001140344,0.00002526362,0.00000300998,0.003141034],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007799314,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01737678,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02028122862884665,"score_gpt":0.2014879090616168,"score_spread":0.1812066804327702,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}