{"id":"W2919408379","doi":"10.1017/s1366728919000026","title":"Characterizing the social diversity of bilingualism using language entropy","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bilingualism Language and Cognition","topic":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":311,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Centre for Research on Brain Language and Music","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Linguistics; Neuroscience of multilingualism; Multilingualism; Second-language attrition; Comprehension approach; Cognitive psychology; Natural language","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007402421,0.0001783493,0.0001933471,0.001274317,0.0002929746,0.0006398165,0.0001120916,0.0001925047,0.001127048],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003409563,0.0000718417,0.0001465362,0.0004646626,0.000694991,0.0004626241,0.0009374933,0.0002187199,0.00007257808],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002837981,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001301368,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009582987,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001507127,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997033,0.0001213579,0.00002304935,0.00005244855,0.00006972891,0.00003005813],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977971,0.0009560625,0.0007521957,0.000144805,0.0001325659,0.0002173569],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004714246,0.0001327737,0.9348664,0.00009057241,0.0001979238,0.0001971428,0.002555357,0.00251576,0.02801844,0.003428451,0.0002764652,0.02724927],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006505777,0.0001291414,0.9813259,0.00001568578,0.00002372563,0.0002713869,0.0009062926,0.008194143,0.003072553,0.005680488,0.0003444901,0.0000297253],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9958443,0.00005822084,0.002823455,0.00002492383,0.000002538695,0.000007629313,0.000115516,0.000008178464,0.001115209],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994235,0.00001779263,0.0004239599,0.000004524315,0.000003312257,0.000006604263,0.00005230402,0.000001425348,0.00006656655],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001274317,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003914833,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0333930278731269,"score_gpt":0.2952749302795956,"score_spread":0.2618819024064687,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}