{"id":"W2920039906","doi":"10.1177/0003122419847165","title":"The Global Increase in the Socioeconomic Achievement Gap, 1964 to 2015","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Sociological Review","topic":"Intergenerational and Educational Inequality Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":301,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Jacobs Foundation; National Academy of Education; Spencer Foundation","keywords":"Socioeconomic status; Educational inequality; Academic achievement; Inequality; Psychology; Demographic economics; Educational attainment; Demography; Economic growth; Developmental psychology; Sociology; Economics; Population","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002805738,0.00008938323,0.0002288691,0.000005290211,0.0004420874,0.00003352424,0.0004420119,0.00002344085,0.0002878542],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007506554,0.00004352875,0.0001116129,0.0001690882,0.0005200588,0.00002520916,0.00006889387,0.0001141047,0.001325104],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002870654,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001560455,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00312339,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001167109,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980117,0.00103997,0.0002716932,0.0001808997,0.0002223955,0.0002733445],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987354,0.0008838943,0.0001053672,0.000145499,0.00006493717,0.00006487504],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001425272,0.0001112697,0.0722704,0.00002802914,0.00003695919,6.219867e-7,0.003474611,0.000004780709,0.000002523856,0.765282,0.1428786,0.01589596],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000328585,0.0000808781,0.08468074,0.0000432751,0.000008821939,2.767296e-7,0.01102151,6.855772e-7,6.412481e-8,0.01001178,0.8940232,0.00009584872],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5243614,0.0150603,0.00000497837,0.4383409,0.0002251084,0.0007175535,0.00001329965,0.00001087851,0.02126559],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8836421,0.03194713,0.00008252048,0.08319146,0.0003135137,0.0002327312,0.000007545935,0.000002148212,0.0005808368],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7552702,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994525,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.07223707468084947,"score_gpt":0.4350187192724922,"score_spread":0.3627816445916427,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}