{"id":"W2920907791","doi":"10.2118/185078-pa","title":"Produced Flowback Salts vs. Induced-Fracture Interface: A Field and Laboratory Study","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SPE Journal","topic":"Hydraulic Fracturing and Reservoir Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Resources Canada; China National Offshore Oil Corporation; Canadian Natural Resources Limited","keywords":"Imbibition; Hydraulic fracturing; Oil shale; Fracture (geology); Petroleum engineering; Pore water pressure; Geotechnical engineering; Chemistry; Mineralogy; Hydrology (agriculture); Geology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002964865,0.000159864,0.0002443572,0.0001285701,0.00006982553,0.0001249808,0.0001633482,0.0001001842,0.0003782704],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005684361,0.0001213219,0.0000543704,0.0001688468,0.000006873128,0.0001704786,0.00003953762,0.0008269844,0.0001221725],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004416586,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000299287,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002372543,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003420869,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991137,0.00004790968,0.0002293375,0.0001636163,0.0002168365,0.0002285676],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994649,0.00003601124,0.00004651947,0.0002529733,0.00005849855,0.0001410567],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003526147,0.0007331884,0.1793379,0.0006076655,0.002984714,0.0005243718,0.02179828,0.6110833,0.07266686,0.000002564616,0.08446893,0.02543964],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01493499,0.006852053,0.3202483,0.001468849,0.001210999,0.001147668,0.01462869,0.1114934,0.2808942,0.0004446312,0.2417432,0.004933004],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9969418,0.0005049829,0.0001776085,0.0008577284,0.0006004634,0.0001390189,0.000001065237,0.00007184827,0.0007054663],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989343,0.0001011425,0.00007407431,0.0001533848,0.000399206,0.000001806349,4.881918e-7,0.00002656984,0.0003090782],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4995899,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4947363,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.004596882888016289,"score_gpt":0.2306418494858814,"score_spread":0.2260449665978651,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}