{"id":"W2921024711","doi":"10.1139/er-2018-0097","title":"Carbon response to changing winter conditions in northern regions: current understanding and emerging research needs","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Reviews","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas","keywords":"Climate change; Environmental science; Ecosystem; Global change; Snow; Global warming; Ecology; Climatology; Temporal scales; Greenhouse gas; Physical geography; Environmental resource management; Geography; Meteorology; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001295183,0.0001096933,0.0001742192,0.0003966796,0.0001192459,0.00003207046,0.00009491355,0.00002873517,0.001072926],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002780701,0.00009455623,0.00003513106,0.0003385258,0.00005517513,0.000104245,0.00004265567,0.0001900401,0.0007973539],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007500534,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006328012,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001633138,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005166916,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987375,0.0002879272,0.0002041333,0.0002238546,0.0001928758,0.0003536943],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995053,0.0001701345,0.00003519441,0.0001747771,6.985047e-7,0.0001139086],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000595981,0.00001298968,0.9870487,0.00002511791,0.000002172295,0.000005908299,0.004703712,0.00001198476,0.00165914,0.000006314528,0.0001414006,0.006322888],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005638691,0.0002869627,0.641429,0.001094386,0.0000116654,0.00002473927,0.02317173,0.0009029469,0.0000445227,0.0003384679,0.331688,0.0004437717],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9842153,0.01328936,0.000004802826,0.0006320948,0.0001630079,0.0005781996,0.00007207334,0.000005765505,0.001039353],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9904032,0.008883324,0.00000718187,0.0001470829,0.00005163584,0.000009674,0.0001900881,0.000005573647,0.0003021953],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3456198,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999806,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1348798239662282,"score_gpt":0.3341850862366794,"score_spread":0.1993052622704513,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}