{"id":"W2921670573","doi":"10.5539/jel.v8n2p198","title":"Performance-Based Assessment: Approach and Obstacles by Higher-Elementary Science Teachers in Palestine","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Education and Learning","topic":"Education and Critical Thinking Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Palestine; Mathematics education; Psychology; Science education; Science learning; Pedagogy","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00597408,0.0002087467,0.0003934645,0.0008935886,0.002710366,0.003402384,0.000716527,0.0008238758,0.001231348],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01185438,0.0004871866,0.0001508283,0.001218317,0.001675537,0.001263117,0.00246985,0.001453193,0.0002543971],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002451417,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.008839823,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02539425,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03964655,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9946871,0.002112679,0.0004432061,0.0004329616,0.001212606,0.001111452],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9903937,0.003351706,0.002632461,0.0005052382,0.001215171,0.001901789],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001206516,0.0004733737,0.6820113,0.0003217787,0.0000147862,0.0009472296,0.2587167,0.0002015297,0.003300668,0.0007391531,0.0004419466,0.052711],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001953989,0.0004056464,0.6230587,0.0005193477,0.00001237333,0.0005792381,0.3623539,0.0004506041,0.001471076,0.0004388828,0.01063982,0.00005087706],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9986088,0.0001843872,0.00006945331,0.0002326729,0.000003481808,0.000008138563,0.000003858387,0.000002801839,0.0008864837],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992146,0.0001508763,0.0001491188,0.00005422655,0.000001274,0.000007251067,0.000004527901,0.000001427877,0.0004165562],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02539425,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05049288,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01814171828055481,"score_gpt":0.3352760081494002,"score_spread":0.3171342898688454,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}