{"id":"W2922078374","doi":"10.1093/restud/rdz003","title":"Immigrants and the Making of America","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Review of Economic Studies","topic":"Culture, Economy, and Development Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":260,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Kellogg's (Canada)","funders":"Sage Foundation; John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation","keywords":"Immigration; Prosperity; Economics; Industrialisation; Urbanization; Unemployment; Productivity; Demographic economics; Poverty; Educational attainment; Development economics; Labour economics; Economic growth; Geography","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001113259,0.00007451035,0.0005421343,0.00001130309,0.0002201783,0.000005750096,0.00017642,0.00001034365,0.00006680116],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001737154,0.00003613014,0.00008994409,0.00004677583,0.0009408126,0.00004460688,0.0001238857,0.00003348603,0.00004090333],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002671601,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003225744,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002975713,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002860547,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993125,0.0001096966,0.0003193747,0.0001003577,0.00004942016,0.0001086555],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990963,0.0004013546,0.0003189366,0.000139209,0.00003818986,0.000006032664],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001391134,0.00005343371,0.06956752,0.01081372,0.00455229,4.354904e-7,0.3211992,0.000008721259,0.000004863566,0.2977525,0.1471426,0.1487655],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006654136,0.00002766929,0.008971424,0.003811202,0.0002021222,9.289443e-7,0.1131709,0.000004513721,0.000007010945,0.005302017,0.8676411,0.000195718],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.02578374,0.8533598,8.524514e-7,0.01654868,0.0002918143,0.0007314641,0.00000479506,0.0000081266,0.1032708],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3085631,0.6894549,0.00003752579,0.001215709,0.00004380634,0.00001996959,1.513491e-7,0.000002452795,0.0006623436],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7204985,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3466463,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04847879129248451,"score_gpt":0.3479270876857478,"score_spread":0.2994482963932633,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}