{"id":"W2922680550","doi":"10.1177/1468087419836877","title":"Parametric study of pilot-ignited direct-injection natural gas combustion in an optically accessible heavy-duty engine","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Engine Research","topic":"Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies","field":"Chemical Engineering","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of British Columbia","keywords":"Natural gas; Combustion; Ignition system; Diesel fuel; Homogeneous charge compression ignition; Exhaust gas recirculation; Diesel engine; Waste management; Environmental science; Nuclear engineering; Combustion chamber; Chemistry; Automotive engineering; Engineering; Aerospace engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001322904,0.0001878689,0.0003998236,0.002999577,0.00002689758,0.00005419436,0.0009752309,0.0001078815,0.0001155779],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002138437,0.0001715752,0.00007740346,0.001884678,0.0000542363,0.0007675177,0.0001959484,0.001527861,0.00001815381],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005150037,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007361198,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005777901,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001100072,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9968584,0.0001427267,0.0008398763,0.0002580796,0.001529773,0.0003711455],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9966624,0.0007811016,0.0002291738,0.0002952227,0.001928824,0.0001033209],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008788932,0.001790712,0.01300229,0.00004201097,0.000158474,0.00007934607,0.0001460863,0.9373803,0.03682635,0.000413061,0.00005179397,0.00923075],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.009316986,0.007901573,0.03840285,0.0006081115,0.00003872399,0.0001910797,0.002766219,0.8467979,0.09208451,0.00112356,0.0001752998,0.0005931786],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9930497,0.0001784978,0.005348791,0.000166846,0.0006296404,0.0003091637,0.000004282291,0.00009545739,0.0002176257],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966195,0.00007576412,0.002987786,0.000004206708,0.0001608467,0.00001286381,0.00001080987,0.00003427184,0.00009394134],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09058233,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6996634,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05851569362451115,"score_gpt":0.3987144907007665,"score_spread":0.3401987970762554,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}