{"id":"W2922786992","doi":"10.2523/iptc-19066-ms","title":"Multiscale Water Ion Interactions at Interfaces for Enhanced Understanding of SmartWater Flooding in Carbonates","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Petroleum Technology Conference","topic":"Enhanced Oil Recovery Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of California, Santa Barbara; University of Alberta","keywords":"Brine; Salinity; Enhanced oil recovery; Ion; Chemical engineering; Rheology; Coalescence (physics); Scanning electron microscope; Chemistry; Materials science; Mineralogy; Geology; Petroleum engineering; Composite material; Organic chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001019054,0.0001729353,0.0002485537,0.0006956186,0.00002266227,0.00002073378,0.0003639696,0.0001633111,0.0002381251],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003432196,0.0001585378,0.00005721327,0.00009171163,0.00007703656,0.0002441575,0.0001396648,0.0002369309,0.0000360236],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005453943,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000906977,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001677045,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003971386,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989672,0.000009639643,0.0003734817,0.0002601521,0.0001219803,0.0002675237],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995372,0.00009894984,0.00006259462,0.0001907062,0.00009157554,0.00001894947],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004677652,0.00002223293,0.00539408,0.00004539532,0.00005690344,0.000001069937,0.0002060501,0.003918928,0.9865257,0.003093189,0.00003121388,0.000658458],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004696785,0.00006382714,0.0002007286,0.0002097151,0.000005234063,0.000005554762,0.0002364201,0.03740866,0.9525426,0.008031788,0.0006558264,0.0001699794],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9512628,0.00002727937,0.03947064,0.0002987294,0.0009571681,0.0001943253,0.00002344605,0.0003590189,0.00740662],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972538,0.00004384333,0.001716347,0.000007995201,0.00001754217,0.0001332438,0.00002889265,0.00002807945,0.000770218],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04599106,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6464985,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01679345095247574,"score_gpt":0.2479333796539796,"score_spread":0.2311399287015038,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}