{"id":"W2923210967","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1817561116","title":"Scale-dependent interactions between tree canopy cover and impervious surfaces reduce daytime urban heat during summer","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","topic":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":787,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"University of Wisconsin-Madison; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Impervious surface; Daytime; Environmental science; Canopy; Urban heat island; Tree canopy; Scale (ratio); Atmospheric sciences; Cover (algebra); Hydrology (agriculture); Meteorology; Geography; Ecology; Geology; Cartography; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005372497,0.00009820842,0.0001385167,0.00007261484,0.0001887978,0.00003178107,0.000425796,0.00005503647,0.000227943],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006455704,0.00006387939,0.00004101108,0.0003657184,0.0005456543,0.0008512918,0.000232999,0.0001438019,0.00003590341],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001118974,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001140354,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001133695,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001511306,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983886,0.000007884434,0.0002546807,0.0002945208,0.0008874908,0.0001667464],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996523,0.00008709095,0.0001618394,0.00001236832,0.0000354803,0.00005094613],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005309883,0.00001151786,0.5662879,0.00001125661,0.000005221026,1.972174e-9,0.0002516155,0.0001049783,0.4326219,0.00005120638,0.000569936,0.00007914968],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001475897,0.00002259678,0.6612031,0.00003814168,0.0000100209,0.000005636886,0.0001060825,0.0003234902,0.3371137,0.0007857603,0.0001736586,0.00007023326],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9870813,0.00003648864,1.265087e-7,0.001486128,0.00002684753,0.0002144309,0.00002035025,0.00001081571,0.01112355],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973636,0.00001442364,0.0002069258,0.00007322124,0.00004007519,0.000005442454,2.649723e-7,0.000004864047,0.002291202],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09550817,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2604926,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0228616260861948,"score_gpt":0.2690314566014468,"score_spread":0.246169830515252,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}