{"id":"W2923630316","doi":"10.1109/tvt.2019.2906487","title":"xEV Li-Ion Battery Low-Temperature Effects—Review","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","topic":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","field":"Engineering","cited_by":180,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"Canada Excellence Research Chairs, Government of Canada","keywords":"Battery (electricity); Electric vehicle; Automotive engineering; Lithium-ion battery; Degradation (telecommunications); Reliability engineering; Battery capacity; Computer science; Fade; Lithium (medication); State of charge; Power (physics); Engineering; Electrical engineering; Thermodynamics; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001065841,0.0003742883,0.0004933836,0.0007448182,0.00009940879,0.00002130279,0.0006144079,0.0007472783,0.0002704952],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001596829,0.0003598852,0.0001695658,0.00129256,0.0001437826,0.0001805317,0.000007484049,0.001742561,0.001748556],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002076771,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001993637,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001203735,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003623595,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982406,0.00004040812,0.0003101848,0.0004947298,0.0002909452,0.0006231423],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985578,0.00009960242,0.00003439439,0.001174008,0.00006990717,0.00006430776],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001877685,0.000181855,0.00004059557,0.003656186,0.0002393547,0.00016198,0.00001215939,0.07030623,0.8071113,0.0001451055,0.001936921,0.1161895],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005682032,0.0002721644,0.00003490281,0.001527896,0.00004290883,0.0001123696,0.0000247696,0.00323153,0.9839058,0.0002827606,0.009490979,0.0005057236],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7991205,0.009607187,0.1761739,0.003303545,0.001850528,0.002055396,0.00002937819,0.007422502,0.0004370789],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9907549,0.007266656,0.00066461,0.0004288763,0.00002330143,0.0004121527,0.000006950366,0.0001054775,0.0003370996],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1916344,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998853,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.004488952928083947,"score_gpt":0.2276760570146146,"score_spread":0.2231871040865306,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}