{"id":"W2925224209","doi":"10.1007/s10640-019-00337-8","title":"The Effect of Carbon Tax on Farm Income: Evidence from a Canadian Province","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental and Resource Economics","topic":"Climate Change Policy and Economics","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University; University of New Brunswick","funders":"","keywords":"Carbon tax; Depreciation (economics); Economics; Liberian dollar; Agricultural economics; State income tax; Tax credit; Public economics; Natural resource economics; Indirect tax; Jurisdiction; Ad valorem tax; Tax reform; Business; Greenhouse gas; Microeconomics; Finance","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004211469,0.0001964001,0.000373261,0.00009514511,0.000143675,0.00005680736,0.0002661284,0.0001267593,0.0001348551],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002373265,0.0001752545,0.00008908805,0.00002271,0.0001564225,0.0000585427,0.0001199807,0.0001779878,0.000386611],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003509445,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001301742,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03482746,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02231308,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987751,0.00002322467,0.000438819,0.0004159416,0.00001822828,0.0003286348],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987738,0.0003509433,0.0002908028,0.0004280981,7.030969e-7,0.0001556625],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000189927,0.00001811276,0.9900048,0.00003432003,0.00008236971,0.000001681473,0.0005873651,0.0004589119,0.0001068244,0.003002385,0.00003820164,0.005475141],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003544162,0.002243594,0.6480321,0.0002231794,0.00004650016,0.00001512224,0.0009997624,0.01618987,0.005494873,0.005156557,0.3164672,0.001587096],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9863493,0.001951632,3.27157e-7,0.0005182197,0.000222368,0.0003538862,0.0005769354,0.000006830432,0.01002053],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965385,0.001841314,0.000009843067,0.0001807405,0.0001004214,0.00001751453,0.00002169791,0.00002785556,0.001262179],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3419727,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9955271,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01170497589220731,"score_gpt":0.1725554321924192,"score_spread":0.1608504563002119,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}