{"id":"W2927518299","doi":"10.1007/s43441-019-00061-x","title":"Choosing Estimands in Clinical Trials: Putting the ICH E9(R1) Into Practice","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Therapeutic Innovation & Regulatory Science","topic":"Advanced Causal Inference Techniques","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":78,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Eli Lilly (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Generalizability theory; Clinical trial; Psychology; Causal inference; Management science; Medical education; Medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch"],"category_scores_codex":[0.03536164,0.0002133295,0.0004611995,0.0002612498,0.0003981979,0.0001852658,0.0008203146,0.0001247536,0.00003187177],"category_scores_gemma":[0.03524099,0.0001539143,0.00006264205,0.004774657,0.001001714,0.001353432,0.0001796866,0.0006815781,0.00001601032],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001948101,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005482066,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007731719,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002937383,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9954539,0.0009007247,0.001845552,0.000558808,0.0008481397,0.0003928693],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9926205,0.004554054,0.00125625,0.0006600938,0.0008292894,0.00007979347],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000881728,0.00009366438,0.001170591,0.0000308751,0.00002005517,0.000003791271,0.003277313,0.00005433847,0.05050416,0.6770023,0.0002283841,0.2675264],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009888692,0.0003962931,0.01123418,0.0001893856,0.00007346073,0.00002228849,0.002050624,0.02374059,0.02243575,0.9290444,0.009332173,0.0004920014],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5466914,0.0002168488,0.412791,0.03474186,0.0005151551,0.001540729,0.000001363432,0.0007284888,0.002773073],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8889822,0.000009176732,0.1043502,0.006377676,0.0002000446,0.00003236815,0.000001127462,0.00002304863,0.00002411524],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3422908,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9932982,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.5758803589607833,"score_gpt":0.5856898343720771,"score_spread":0.009809475411293844,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}