{"id":"W2929084528","doi":"10.1098/rsbm.2018.0024","title":"Dudley Brian Spalding. 9 January 1923—27 November 2016","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society","topic":"Combustion and flame dynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"University of California, Davis; University of Auckland","keywords":"Principal (computer security); Passions; Operations research; Work (physics); Computer science; Subject (documents); Soviet union; Library science; Law; Management; Political science; Mechanical engineering; Mathematics; Engineering; Economics; Art","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002520341,0.0002169286,0.0003523057,0.00005777705,0.00004914288,0.00001462502,0.0005503391,0.0002640732,0.0001634315],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002231791,0.0001652262,0.00107094,0.0005330098,0.0002608059,0.00004785798,0.0001630223,0.0003395598,0.00002670919],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002958687,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002010838,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009522641,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001880873,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987016,0.00002825508,0.0003967037,0.000211098,0.0003648394,0.0002975599],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990638,0.0000981624,0.0001045199,0.000556764,0.00007298425,0.0001037832],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002517845,0.001172405,0.3166417,0.002352257,0.002957485,0.000003926736,0.001815491,0.176242,0.08284715,0.008408976,0.3970947,0.0102121],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003584676,0.0002466405,0.1917429,0.0009664639,0.0003595711,0.000005345233,0.0007412834,0.7315619,0.01162503,0.001610616,0.0560085,0.0015471],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9860216,0.0006653267,0.0007429831,0.000407481,0.001481264,0.0003697606,0.00006662816,0.0001444427,0.01010047],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972914,0.0002352177,0.001100421,0.0001150429,0.00007934681,0.000003209147,0.000007204531,0.00003389434,0.001134243],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5553199,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6737728,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.003601668279416016,"score_gpt":0.1768768544773933,"score_spread":0.1732751861979773,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}