{"id":"W2929893688","doi":"10.5539/ibr.v12n4p163","title":"Exploring the Relationship between Government R & D Expenditures and Economic Growth in a Global Perspective: A PMG Estimation Approach","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Business Research","topic":"Economic Growth and Productivity","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Economics; Perspective (graphical); Estimation; Estimator; Government spending; Developing country; Econometrics; Economic growth; Statistics; Market economy; Welfare; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003433996,0.0005373294,0.0007389548,0.003515382,0.0002736069,0.001114894,0.000355869,0.0004781015,0.001785173],"category_scores_gemma":[0.008409848,0.0002025344,0.001581661,0.004922356,0.0005702958,0.001087341,0.001425658,0.0009172575,0.0002626257],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003428001,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005471089,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004503833,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00300893,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983675,0.000926126,0.00007234801,0.0003147495,0.0001726818,0.0001465593],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9945332,0.003879998,0.0009104355,0.0003328311,0.0002458691,0.00009763234],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000890706,0.00007843866,0.9093953,0.0001405927,0.001802856,0.0004392977,0.0005283553,0.02294525,0.0006367371,0.007401507,0.001328098,0.05521451],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003023078,0.0007708817,0.8866236,0.0001327027,0.001372398,0.0004113783,0.003095862,0.08442885,0.001563116,0.01098374,0.01053026,0.00005698902],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9385985,0.001877154,0.0506614,0.00101232,0.00007101945,0.00007127688,0.001814759,0.0001030703,0.005790563],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9893593,0.0006282428,0.007581423,0.00008300768,0.00005412097,0.00007173365,0.001526558,0.00001435303,0.0006813654],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004503833,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01816094,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.231468511161919,"score_gpt":0.3487942236332125,"score_spread":0.1173257124712934,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}