{"id":"W2930362096","doi":"10.5539/hes.v9n2p117","title":"Using Digital Tools to Assess and Improve College Student Writing","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Higher Education Studies","topic":"Student Assessment and Feedback","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Formative assessment; Summative assessment; Grading (engineering); Higher education; Computer science; Learning analytics; Workload; Sophistication; Curriculum; Mathematics education; Medical education; Pedagogy; Psychology; Data science; Engineering; Sociology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002574325,0.0001056825,0.000180523,0.00006583344,0.00037816,0.0003413982,0.0001216192,0.00003440564,0.0001122258],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002870322,0.0001003596,0.00002880379,0.0002477783,0.00007219038,0.0005221714,0.000146801,0.00005257208,0.00008003342],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000183843,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001520102,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005018985,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000149726,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989694,0.00004102772,0.0001767311,0.0002415,0.0003475735,0.000223732],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992625,0.0002037012,0.00007263679,0.0001040583,0.0002774842,0.00007959417],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008391849,0.0002589421,0.8964426,0.00003594181,0.0001541045,6.512283e-7,0.02020456,0.000001902741,0.000629685,0.07480162,0.00566604,0.001795549],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002511629,0.00004659209,0.5569219,0.0000680469,0.00003038094,2.734094e-7,0.3267257,8.407029e-7,0.0000217602,0.0003393848,0.1153473,0.0002466216],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9478387,0.0007179448,0.000003786987,0.001452327,0.002671497,0.0004544291,0.000007432987,0.00003821141,0.04681569],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9731615,0.00006461137,0.0005137561,0.000345894,0.0005704327,0.00004371759,0.00000169597,0.000009266053,0.02528909],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3395207,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4092547,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1686309663595367,"score_gpt":0.4780421932412406,"score_spread":0.309411226881704,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}