{"id":"W2930362096","doi":"10.5539/hes.v9n2p117","title":"Using Digital Tools to Assess and Improve College Student Writing","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Higher Education Studies","topic":"Student Assessment and Feedback","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Formative assessment; Summative assessment; Grading (engineering); Higher education; Computer science; Learning analytics; Workload; Sophistication; Curriculum; Mathematics education; Medical education; Pedagogy; Psychology; Data science; Engineering; Sociology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.007599509,0.0007170478,0.0003811674,0.006921229,0.0006570159,0.003046815,0.0007990981,0.0004125377,0.005976188],"category_scores_gemma":[0.04959841,0.000255468,0.0003535737,0.003232836,0.0003843441,0.002427105,0.001749239,0.0006747915,0.00264082],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008725068,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001366056,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001802351,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003808239,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9931238,0.002828094,0.0007795009,0.0004596179,0.002526732,0.0002822188],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9616479,0.02002358,0.004417005,0.002764777,0.009768278,0.001378465],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001980158,0.0008103789,0.07632437,0.0001789011,0.00002202779,0.00004499587,0.001244075,0.0003783504,0.002432492,0.0003120174,0.004721064,0.9133334],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003637352,0.008296106,0.7883959,0.001695871,0.0002923211,0.001055773,0.02024191,0.02276516,0.05654213,0.006540901,0.09334637,0.0004638978],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8966972,0.00087458,0.04687653,0.001510312,0.0003020196,0.001321387,0.001431842,0.004125851,0.0468603],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8134748,0.001068835,0.1708686,0.0003018932,0.0001117239,0.0005886576,0.0008759216,0.0001909509,0.01251871],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007599509,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04019052,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1686309663595367,"score_gpt":0.4780421932412406,"score_spread":0.309411226881704,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}