{"id":"W293399827","doi":"","title":"Tracking middle school students for instruction: a study of homogeneous and heterogeneous grouping","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"John Spoor Broome Library Institutional Repository (California State University)","topic":"Education and Technology Integration","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Mathematics education; Quarter (Canadian coin); Tracking (education); Homogeneous; Curriculum; Socioeconomic status; Psychology; Academic achievement; Middle class; Class (philosophy); Academic year; Test (biology); Mathematics; Pedagogy; Demography; Computer science; Geography; Population; Sociology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009066523,0.0001394772,0.0001854938,0.0004345076,0.001212975,0.0001582461,0.000324682,0.0001219194,0.000104128],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000577562,0.0001516947,0.00007090118,0.0004623165,0.0003846278,0.001260868,0.00008825351,0.000144421,0.00001514891],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001673184,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003540264,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009648818,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002333271,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987462,0.0001161036,0.0002912139,0.000309887,0.0003199745,0.0002166256],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992335,0.00007347365,0.0001934071,0.0001528048,0.0001697718,0.0001770103],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006575119,0.003055861,0.9259283,0.0002058371,0.0006826581,0.0002636998,0.01457535,0.0014874,0.002543427,0.0399957,0.0007092379,0.00989501],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01247479,0.00255193,0.2097085,0.0005454756,0.0004467512,0.0004543294,0.2112643,0.001209051,0.009625194,0.009336519,0.5402195,0.00216355],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.994088,0.00004896396,0.00037582,0.0002615782,0.0004037017,0.0009347009,0.00004155182,0.0001563317,0.003689337],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960994,0.00005765471,0.0006849688,0.00005937678,0.0001083685,0.00001705419,0.00002099679,0.0000111317,0.002941023],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7162198,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9329349,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01716700170618331,"score_gpt":0.235720388556056,"score_spread":0.2185533868498727,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}