{"id":"W2935021119","doi":"10.1007/978-981-13-3768-0_7","title":"Carbonaceous Catalysts from Biomass","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Biofuels and biorefineries","topic":"Catalysis and Hydrodesulfurization Studies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Catalysis; Biochar; Biomass (ecology); Carbon fibers; Chemistry; Pyrolysis; Biodiesel; Activated carbon; Chemical engineering; Materials science; Organic chemistry; Agronomy; Adsorption","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007733946,0.0006836112,0.0003408162,0.0005617063,0.0003661793,0.0008691309,0.0004941249,0.0004994791,0.006459898],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001056931,0.0002966617,0.0002570777,0.000777025,0.0003356066,0.0009251001,0.0005494595,0.001253476,0.004331745],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005320158,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002432744,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006548245,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001602266,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998933,0.000004092218,0.000003733441,0.00001950099,0.0000686866,0.00001067839],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999831,0.000005098956,0.000001264028,0.000002971811,0.000005235529,0.000002327978],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000809827,0.00009307603,0.0001010751,0.001930712,0.00003292384,0.0004658971,0.0002349923,0.001555871,0.4577335,0.09928054,0.02786916,0.4106213],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005115841,0.00004057879,0.000382019,0.0001515439,0.00001081194,0.0003991335,0.0000376381,0.0006582453,0.3079084,0.01321866,0.6771766,0.00001132757],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.04457906,0.1641675,0.04432506,0.001875354,0.003805857,0.000141038,0.0007205451,0.0004226041,0.7399628],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1229219,0.1006559,0.01240562,0.000689419,0.0004835935,0.00008716524,0.001759345,0.0002393603,0.7607577],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.006459898,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0216105,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00955730316262227,"score_gpt":0.1739001430965444,"score_spread":0.1643428399339222,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}