{"id":"W2936961258","doi":"10.5539/ijef.v11n5p103","title":"Legal Origins and the Financial Conservatism of Private Firms","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Economics and Finance","topic":"Corporate Finance and Governance","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Debt; Civil law (Civil law); Shareholder; Commercial law; Economics; Dividend; Conservatism; Common law; Capital market; Law; Finance; Business; Market economy; Corporate governance; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000838473,0.00006137801,0.0001355501,0.0008327597,0.0006669833,0.002155998,0.0002730346,0.0003940079,0.002523436],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007958787,0.00009092795,0.0001081613,0.0007583773,0.001627917,0.001034561,0.0009151127,0.000496793,0.000112127],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001460451,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001040314,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006133454,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008070595,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999246,0.0001601926,0.00005684286,0.0001140162,0.0002181817,0.0002047855],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9830199,0.002986352,0.01157181,0.0007266002,0.0006699946,0.001025369],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014291,0.0002523808,0.9295859,0.00003394864,0.0000448034,0.0007015038,0.004590091,0.001251978,0.001472144,0.03606191,0.0003715879,0.02549085],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001423434,0.00006767063,0.9803016,0.00002720911,0.00001496375,0.0002101277,0.002977474,0.001539885,0.0004858797,0.01168058,0.002668849,0.00001149078],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9947219,0.00009261619,0.0002267378,0.0002347575,0.0000011941,0.000006322977,0.00002212107,0.000002131626,0.004692181],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996024,0.00002048766,0.00003203839,0.00000920331,0.000001821285,9.830494e-7,0.000009368009,3.249597e-7,0.0003235142],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006133454,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01219553,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009049083720329814,"score_gpt":0.1912933564348583,"score_spread":0.1822442727145284,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}