{"id":"W2937218227","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.123.052001","title":"Observation of Light-by-Light Scattering in Ultraperipheral Pb+Pb Collisions with the ATLAS Detector","year":2019,"lang":"lv","type":"article","venue":"Physical Review Letters","topic":"High-Energy Particle Collisions Research","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":149,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"TRIUMF; Carleton University; Simon Fraser University; University of British Columbia; York University; University of Alberta; Université de Montréal; Institute of Particle Physics; University of Victoria; McGill University; University of Toronto","funders":"Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Australian Research Council; Seventh Framework Programme; H2020 European Research Council; Norges Forskningsråd; Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation; Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules; Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan; Ministarstvo Prosvete, Nauke i Tehnološkog Razvoja; Ministerstwo Edukacji i Nauki; Canada Foundation for Innovation; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; Narodowe Centrum Nauki; Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation; Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Wirtschaft; National Research Council Canada; Fonds Québécois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies; Generalitat de Catalunya; Austrian Science Fund; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung; Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee; Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy; Leverhulme Trust; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo; Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft; Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation; Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS; Science and Technology Facilities Council; Ministerstvo Průmyslu a Obchodu; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China; Agence Nationale de la Recherche; Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica; Joint Institute for Nuclear Research; Department of Science and Technology, Republic of South Africa; German-Israeli Foundation for Scientific Research and Development; Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (COLCIENCIAS); European Science Foundation; General Secretariat for Research and Technology; Ministerstvo školstva, vedy, výskumu a športu Slovenskej republiky; Danmarks Grundforskningsfond; Azərbaycan Milli Elmlər Akademiyası; British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; European Social Fund; Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique et Technique; Royal Society; National Science Foundation; Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung; TRIUMF; Centres de Recerca de Catalunya; Horizon 2020 Framework Programme; Vetenskapsrådet; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Israeli Centers for Research Excellence; U.S. Department of Energy; Ontario Innovation Trust; CERN; Israel Science Foundation; Canarie","keywords":"Pseudorapidity; Physics; Luminosity; Particle physics; Glauber; Large Hadron Collider; Scattering; Nuclear physics; Photon; Astrophysics; Optics; Charged particle","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008317533,0.0005527486,0.0004096383,0.0001325337,0.0006409701,0.0005263754,0.00126741,0.0002892871,0.003379785],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002680838,0.0006757867,0.000969415,0.001154361,0.0005787599,0.0008302325,0.0007123871,0.001073052,0.001368798],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000243685,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004792765,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007139398,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001645728,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9947058,0.000388365,0.001060169,0.001034074,0.001524437,0.001287143],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9960842,0.00104035,0.0008940984,0.001399704,0.0001253412,0.0004563806],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004154519,0.0004600884,0.00009896269,0.001491385,0.000705563,0.0001003295,0.0009821716,0.005676134,0.118131,0.8547767,0.0158265,0.001335685],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001468472,0.001041618,0.0004512215,0.004849286,0.0007703042,0.00005532743,0.0004971776,0.2889627,0.6885418,0.00004736631,0.0122433,0.001071504],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9892217,0.001001606,0.0004917965,0.004354121,0.0003899485,0.0001196217,0.0001286651,0.00005164197,0.0042409],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9948536,0.0008609652,0.000583149,0.001250672,0.0008702387,0.0009674159,0.0002883902,0.000258039,0.00006752174],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8547294,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995694,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01593392027104757,"score_gpt":0.2554719339641772,"score_spread":0.2395380136931296,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). 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