{"id":"W2937218227","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.123.052001","title":"Observation of Light-by-Light Scattering in Ultraperipheral Pb+Pb Collisions with the ATLAS Detector","year":2019,"lang":"lv","type":"article","venue":"Physical Review Letters","topic":"High-Energy Particle Collisions Research","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":149,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"TRIUMF; Carleton University; Simon Fraser University; University of British Columbia; York University; University of Alberta; Université de Montréal; Institute of Particle Physics; University of Victoria; McGill University; University of Toronto","funders":"Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Australian Research Council; Seventh Framework Programme; H2020 European Research Council; Norges Forskningsråd; Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation; Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules; Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan; Ministarstvo Prosvete, Nauke i Tehnološkog Razvoja; Ministerstwo Edukacji i Nauki; Canada Foundation for Innovation; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; Narodowe Centrum Nauki; Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation; Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Wirtschaft; National Research Council Canada; Fonds Québécois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies; Generalitat de Catalunya; Austrian Science Fund; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung; Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee; Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy; Leverhulme Trust; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo; Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft; Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation; Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS; Science and Technology Facilities Council; Ministerstvo Průmyslu a Obchodu; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China; Agence Nationale de la Recherche; Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica; Joint Institute for Nuclear Research; Department of Science and Technology, Republic of South Africa; German-Israeli Foundation for Scientific Research and Development; Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (COLCIENCIAS); European Science Foundation; General Secretariat for Research and Technology; Ministerstvo školstva, vedy, výskumu a športu Slovenskej republiky; Danmarks Grundforskningsfond; Azərbaycan Milli Elmlər Akademiyası; British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; European Social Fund; Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique et Technique; Royal Society; National Science Foundation; Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung; TRIUMF; Centres de Recerca de Catalunya; Horizon 2020 Framework Programme; Vetenskapsrådet; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Israeli Centers for Research Excellence; U.S. Department of Energy; Ontario Innovation Trust; CERN; Israel Science Foundation; Canarie","keywords":"Pseudorapidity; Physics; Luminosity; Particle physics; Glauber; Large Hadron Collider; Scattering; Nuclear physics; Photon; Astrophysics; Optics; Charged particle","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002535146,0.0002243419,0.0002044634,0.0007673618,0.0004766661,0.0007468047,0.0002943924,0.0003144979,0.001879498],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003697015,0.0001837904,0.0001988258,0.0008697344,0.0002485057,0.0002254525,0.0005453341,0.0002210934,0.0005540393],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002922882,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002057271,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009171706,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001828684,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997464,0.00002911453,0.000008935668,0.00007046528,0.00009519378,0.00004986002],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996402,0.00009971692,0.0001093773,0.00005715387,0.00004422064,0.00004924275],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001897522,0.0002827104,0.4794209,0.0001446166,0.0001376994,0.003774374,0.001180019,0.002705348,0.4618621,0.004849546,0.00102593,0.0427193],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000426417,0.0004089957,0.6862417,0.00002044413,0.00006692423,0.00568247,0.000572558,0.01021858,0.2871007,0.001580124,0.008003802,0.00006109143],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9944257,0.0001143867,0.003168086,0.00001205195,0.000003532366,0.000009464972,0.0002666019,0.0000545443,0.001945504],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967486,0.00007891518,0.001623183,0.00001520484,0.000005080302,0.000006522733,0.000612243,0.00001904177,0.0008912336],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001879498,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006287575,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01593392027104757,"score_gpt":0.2554719339641772,"score_spread":0.2395380136931296,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). 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