{"id":"W2939845202","doi":"10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.04.022","title":"Deep learning only by normal brain PET identify unheralded brain anomalies","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"EBioMedicine","topic":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","field":"Medicine","cited_by":70,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; University of California, San Diego; Genentech; National Institutes of Health; Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea; H. Lundbeck A/S; Fujirebio Europe; Eisai; Servier; Ministry of Science ICT and Future Planning; Meso Scale Diagnostics; National Research Foundation of Korea; Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning; National Institute on Aging; Ministry of Environment; Northern California Institute for Research and Education; Ministry of Education, India; Pfizer; Biogen; BioClinica; University of Southern California; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation; U.S. Department of Defense; Eli Lilly and Company; Bristol-Myers Squibb; F. Hoffmann-La Roche; Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation; Johnson and Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development; National Research Foundation; IXICO; Takeda Pharmaceutical Company; AbbVie; Alzheimer's Association; Foundation for the National Institutes of Health; GE Healthcare; Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative","keywords":"Abnormality; Autoencoder; Receiver operating characteristic; Artificial intelligence; Deep learning; Area under the curve; Neuroimaging; Medicine; Machine learning; Computer science; Internal medicine; Psychiatry","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009812471,0.0002688068,0.0004924319,0.0003746125,0.0001265925,0.00005183617,0.0001654176,0.00008315837,0.009031855],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003714729,0.0002210387,0.0001265976,0.0005548396,0.0002203164,0.0001985219,0.0001245146,0.0005110024,0.001452507],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009070183,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001275063,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001007642,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001437955,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9972518,0.0001702202,0.0004180017,0.0004832747,0.0009617474,0.0007149554],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987689,0.0002727382,0.0001113224,0.000312121,0.0001829924,0.0003519528],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004418125,0.0003843576,0.6141995,0.0003426094,0.000275054,0.0004916219,0.0006172721,0.000001082878,0.2429063,0.00009586753,0.1108738,0.02937082],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01077267,0.004150019,0.6864077,0.0003615214,0.0001175304,0.0005629303,0.001872267,0.0005866433,0.004637823,0.00006261562,0.290091,0.0003772407],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9501351,0.0007182518,0.0005537425,0.02521151,0.0002877325,0.0007235206,0.000007397217,0.0001462523,0.02221648],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8542054,0.00005402568,0.0001159929,0.005310554,0.0003040922,0.00002067333,0.0005083291,0.00004303649,0.1394378],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2382685,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999325,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007714945302485138,"score_gpt":0.3075451006352734,"score_spread":0.2998301553327883,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}