{"id":"W2940527999","doi":"10.1017/apa.2019.8","title":"Scientific Practice and the Epistemology of Governing Laws","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of the American Philosophical Association","topic":"Philosophy and History of Science","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Metaphysics; Epistemology; Argument (complex analysis); Natural law; Philosophy of science; Philosophy; Scientific law; Law; Sociology; Political science; Chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.03056191,0.0004003517,0.0008275853,0.003677915,0.005777712,0.0106713,0.002462708,0.008178138,0.003744607],"category_scores_gemma":[0.05668049,0.0005875772,0.0007632919,0.002119701,0.0828943,0.01582423,0.007232017,0.008345946,0.0004365287],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.006093674,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.007063782,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00304879,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001466716,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9726464,0.01850163,0.001245575,0.002433676,0.004221017,0.0009518548],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9182032,0.05999635,0.004847125,0.009916266,0.005575531,0.001461565],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001598463,0.000006186554,0.00009494765,0.00001070046,0.00000178643,0.000009840277,0.0007638687,0.0001143249,0.00001686768,0.9981681,0.0001096016,0.0007020417],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007782559,0.000003919105,0.00007534375,0.00005640952,0.00000176934,0.0000129654,0.0003845647,0.0004596413,0.00004870402,0.9946023,0.004343206,0.000003551316],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1168844,0.007281466,0.2175586,0.1131527,0.0009193039,0.0001338458,0.0001144492,0.0001631153,0.5437922],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9864922,0.0009564569,0.008620933,0.001345862,0.0002548484,0.00009107912,0.000029078,0.00002771567,0.002181846],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9942223,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1616288,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01388965218150239,"score_gpt":0.2257983679238485,"score_spread":0.2119087157423461,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}