{"id":"W2942350015","doi":"10.3138/ijcs.57.x.3","title":"Frontier Violence and Law and Order: Historical and Geographical Variance in the Great Plains of the North American West","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Canadian Studies","topic":"Canadian Identity and History","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Frontier; Lawlessness; Law enforcement; American west; Human settlement; Government (linguistics); Law; Political science; Geography; Development economics; Sociology; Ethnology; Archaeology; Economics; Politics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001864361,0.00004334672,0.0001312979,0.0002257334,0.0002502096,0.00005924213,0.0002182839,0.00001563674,0.000005052606],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000262068,0.00003335309,0.00002561785,0.0003089847,0.001207704,0.00009551144,0.00002605518,0.0001423589,1.468647e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002992853,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002937145,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.8436427,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9978991,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993348,0.00007866596,0.0001554786,0.00007008121,0.000267328,0.00009362197],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994462,0.00009549661,0.0001159779,0.00003060474,0.0001723037,0.0001394852],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006840994,0.00002582292,0.7991276,0.00001918418,0.0003271644,0.0002131598,0.07191369,0.00001105551,0.000003590169,0.06291452,0.02094364,0.04443212],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001537503,0.00003857866,0.4231836,0.00004387811,0.00001991181,0.00001734057,0.004226888,0.00000297838,1.145546e-7,0.0003487904,0.5719166,0.00004751869],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8717571,0.01487312,0.000008003458,0.1106837,0.0005289545,0.00008998775,0.00004436308,0.000001827597,0.002012949],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9835486,0.01353802,0.00004913344,0.002665153,0.0001611271,9.891434e-7,1.151102e-7,0.000002024626,0.00003487513],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.550973,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4449836,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01629771754418058,"score_gpt":0.2421002901548473,"score_spread":0.2258025726106667,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}