{"id":"W2944652863","doi":"10.1175/jcli-d-18-0686.1","title":"Shifting Spatial and Temporal Patterns in the Onset of Seasonally Snow-Dominated Conditions in the Northern Hemisphere, 1972–2017","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Climate","topic":"Cryospheric studies and observations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Northern British Columbia","funders":"University of Northern British Columbia","keywords":"Northern Hemisphere; Climatology; Snow; Precipitation; Spatial ecology; Arctic; Climate change; Physical geography; Middle latitudes; Environmental science; Geology; Geography; Oceanography; Ecology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008119706,0.000071534,0.0001735403,0.00002118856,0.00008448624,0.00003701225,0.0002040395,0.0000260398,0.0003161883],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007180468,0.0000383656,0.00004993254,0.0001467375,0.00004216921,0.0001155801,0.00001062688,0.0001858551,0.000005900938],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000003297997,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003462547,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002209633,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.06818184,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991003,0.0001080174,0.000350134,0.00006576705,0.0002254322,0.000150293],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990044,0.0005352886,0.0002970968,0.00009070343,0.00005046105,0.0000221057],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003973838,0.00002341888,0.9959709,0.00001693005,0.000009927015,0.00002884606,0.001543828,0.0003569405,0.000004851842,0.00000934644,0.00007825813,0.001916992],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004719283,0.0001087934,0.9919761,0.00008731211,0.00001269297,0.00005369873,0.00545594,0.001252362,0.000002000272,0.000117043,0.0004145314,0.00004763],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9973826,0.0002528915,0.000007385838,0.001167967,0.00009644517,0.0001113698,0.0001120156,0.000001204731,0.0008681291],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992614,0.0003297353,0.00005466155,0.0002771042,0.00004447754,4.894281e-7,0.00002290853,0.000001657487,0.000007501711],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06597222,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9488214,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01643266494918983,"score_gpt":0.244329860310555,"score_spread":0.2278971953613652,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}