{"id":"W2944739469","doi":"10.1093/bjc/azz016","title":"Immigrant Perceptions of the Police: The Role of Country of Origin and Length of Settlement","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The British Journal of Criminology","topic":"Policing Practices and Perceptions","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Athabasca University; Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Immigration; Settlement (finance); Perception; Criminology; Foreign born; Political science; Demographic economics; Work (physics); Social psychology; Sociology; Psychology; Law; Business; Engineering; Economics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009928121,0.00005062195,0.0002317113,0.00003703589,0.000267405,0.00001628028,0.0004329889,0.00006130589,0.0002635837],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008614424,0.00003106703,0.000104887,0.00008840793,0.001036396,0.0000972725,0.00005825806,0.0002309806,0.000001308285],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001817807,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001706169,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1172952,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01444742,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998703,0.0004152469,0.0004111443,0.00005095304,0.0002730803,0.0001465699],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985356,0.0003665169,0.0006957165,0.0001631544,0.0002115284,0.00002742895],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002983994,0.0007854945,0.14879,0.0002114087,0.000708609,0.000002236653,0.5518966,0.0003349239,0.1031785,0.1031247,0.00405968,0.08660941],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000676542,0.0003524949,0.7866803,0.0002604019,0.0004077254,0.0004091387,0.1790458,0.00002272157,0.0008919042,0.005062378,0.02609684,0.00009382301],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9932988,0.0006242015,0.000003672235,0.002147568,0.0001664061,0.0001153493,0.00007772812,0.000001364253,0.003564874],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996524,0.003062948,0.00003475227,0.0001104593,0.00009152897,7.694842e-7,4.478415e-7,0.000004035451,0.0001710722],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6378903,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8885828,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03340015957493002,"score_gpt":0.3312703139047338,"score_spread":0.2978701543298037,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}