{"id":"W2945368229","doi":"10.5539/sar.v8n3p23","title":"Using Soil Water to Control Ammonia Emission from Acid Soils with and Without Chicken Litter Biochar","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Sustainable Agriculture Research","topic":"Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Biochar; Ammonia volatilization from urea; Soil water; Agronomy; Chemistry; Urea; Poultry litter; Ammonia; Soil pH; Litter; Environmental science; Environmental chemistry; Soil science; Nutrient; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006799198,0.0002596018,0.0003178803,0.00004922141,0.000453038,0.0003462794,0.0003209621,0.0002311333,0.0002025526],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004728086,0.00007206047,0.00006391859,0.0006032808,0.00009038495,0.0002192704,0.0002921225,0.000460383,0.0001014079],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001427652,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003434534,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005150169,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005985014,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9970471,0.0002544721,0.0001861953,0.0006459304,0.0007208451,0.001145459],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986843,0.00009805804,0.00003622437,0.0001402423,0.0006440102,0.0003971875],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003608598,0.00005807495,0.05156146,0.00003161777,0.00004254587,0.00003137181,0.0003758016,0.00003369947,0.9460545,0.00006997168,0.0004525911,0.0009275501],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003684106,0.0027428,0.202879,0.0003303485,0.0001108821,0.0001031427,0.02939565,0.002623421,0.7261966,0.002270324,0.0278111,0.001852628],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9953988,0.0003391683,0.000004822029,0.002599402,0.00003237235,0.0009399827,0.00002476045,0.00006030572,0.0006003928],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9943059,0.00002003298,0.00009277591,0.0002866102,0.0003002716,0.00004235184,0.00007611886,0.0000044784,0.004871428],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2198578,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.778555,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01917699208815254,"score_gpt":0.2690409661216027,"score_spread":0.2498639740334502,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}